A surprising steric effect on a tandem cycloaddition/ring-opening reaction : rapid syntheses of difluorinated analogues of (hydroxymethyl)conduritols

Difluorinated analogues of (hydroxymethyl)conduritols can be synthesised from selected furans and a difluorinated dienophile in two reaction steps

Highly-functionalised difluorinated cyclohexane polyols via the Diels–Alder reaction : regiochemical control via the phenylsulfonyl group

A difluorinated dienophile underwent cycloaddition reactions with a range of furans to afford cycloadducts whichcould be processed regio- and stereoselectively via episulfonium ions, generated by the reaction between their alkenyl groups and phenylsulfenyl chloride. The oxabicyclic products were oxidised to the phenylsulfonyl level and ring opened via E1CB or reductive desulfonative pathways to afford, ultimately, difluorinated cyclohexene or cyclohexane polyols

Self-employment in an equilibrium model of the labor market

Self-employed workers account for between 8% and 30% of participants in the labor markets of OECD countries, Blanch ower (2004). This paper develops and estimates a general equilibrium model of the labor market that accounts for this sizable proportion. The model incorporates self-employed workers, some of whom hire paid employees in the market. Employment rates and earnings distributions are determined endogenously and are estimated to match their empirical counterparts. The model is estimated using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). The model is able to estimate nonpecuniary amenities associated with employment in di erent labor market states, accounting for both different employment dynamics within state and the misreporting of earnings by self-employed workers. Structural parameter estimates are then used to assess the impact of an increase in the generosity of unemployment benefits on the aggregate employment rate. Findings suggest that modeling the self-employed, some of whom hire paid employees implies that small increases in unemployment benefits leads to an expansion in aggregate employment

The return on Investors

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:7520.300(IES--314) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Highly functionalised difluorinated cyclohexenols

Alkenoate 5 prepared on a multigramme scale from trifluoroethanol underwent cycloaddition with furan in good yield. Reduction of the ester group in the endo-cycloadduct 7a with DIBAl-H also resulted in decarbamoylation to reveal a diol which was protected as an acetonide 10. Various methods for nucleophilic ring opening were explored releasing highly functionalised difluorinated cyclohexenols, and suggesting a novel route to difluorinated analogues of cyclitols and monosaccharides

Self-employment and the distribution of income

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:4371.668(IMS-R--270) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo