PLANTAS MEDICINAIS: UM SABER TRADICIONAL COMO ALTERNATIVA NO PROCESSO DE CURA

The Amazon has an extensive cultural diversity, which encompasses the empirical use of natural resources, including plants that are used not only as a source of food, but also as a curative source of disease. The objective of the present study was to survey the ethnoespecies used by the residents of Santarém-PA, so that in future, with further studies on the applicability of traditional medicine, these species can be used in the municipal public network of the region, since the information collected is only in the empirical domain of the Santarena population, because although it contains the use of phytotherapics in the SUS, there is still no such system implanted in this municipality. The survey was carried out between August 7 and 25, 2017 through the application of 200 questionnaires in three different shifts, in different conventional pharmacies in the urban area of the city of Santarém-PA, in which it presented questions regarding gender, age and schooling of the interviewees, as well as information about the plants. A total of 93 species were mentioned, with the most frequent being: Cidreira (Melissa sp. L.), Boldo (Vernonia sp. Schreb), Capim-Santo (Cymbopogon sp. Spreng.), Hortelã (Mentha sp. ) Arruda  (Ruta sp L.). The main parts of the plant used are the leaves and bark. The most common forms of preparation were infusion and decoction. In general, it has been observed that knowledge has been transmitted to the younger generations, and that such knowledge has remained among this portion of the population.KEYWORDS: Ethnospecies, Traditional medicine, Urban area.La Amazonia cuenta con una extensa diversidad cultural, que abarca el uso empírico de los recursos naturales, incluyendo las plantas que se utilizan no sólo como fuente de alimento, sino también como fuente curativa de enfermedad. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo hacer el levantamiento de las etnoespecies utilizadas por los moradores de Santarém-PA, a fin de que en el futuro, con estudios más profundos sobre la aplicabilidad de la medicina tradicional, esas especies puedan ser utilizadas en la red pública municipal de la región, ya que las informaciones recolectadas son sólo de dominio empírico de la población santarena, pues a pesar de contener en el SUS el uso de fitoterápicos, aún no hay ese sistema implantado en ese municipio. El referido levantamiento fue realizado en el período del 7 al 25 de agosto de 2017 por medio de aplicación de 200 cuestionarios en tres turnos diferentes, en distintas farmacias convencionales de la zona urbana del municipio de Santarém-PA, en el cual presentó cuestiones referentes al sexo, edad y la escolaridad de los entrevistados, además de informaciones sobre las plantas. Se registraron 93 especies citadas por los entrevistados, siendo que las más frecuentes: cidreira (Melissa sp. L.), boldo (Vernonia sp. Schreb), capim-santo (Cymbopogon sp. Spreng.), hortelã (Mentha sp. L.) e arruda (Ruta sp. L.). Las principales partes de la planta utilizadas son las hojas y las cáscaras. Las formas de preparación más comunes fueron la infusión y la decocción. En general, se ha observado que el saber ha sido transmitido a las generaciones más jóvenes, y que tal conocimiento ha permanecido entre esta parte de la población.PALABRAS CLAVE: Etnoespecies, Plantas medicinales, Zona urbana. A Amazônia conta com uma extensa diversidade cultural, que abrange o uso empírico dos recursos naturais, incluindo as plantas que são utilizadas não só como fonte de alimento, mas também como fonte curativa de enfermidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer o levantamento das etnoespécies utilizadas pelos moradores de Santarém-PA, a fim de que futuramente, com estudos mais aprofundados sobre a aplicabilidade da medicina tradicional, essas espécies possam ser utilizadas na rede pública municipal da região, visto que as informações coletadas são apenas de domínio empírico da população santarena, pois apesar de conter no SUS o uso de fitoterápicos, ainda não há esse sistema implantado nesse município. O referido levantamento foi realizado no período de 7 a 25 de agosto de 2017 por meio de aplicação de 200 questionários em três turnos diferentes, em distintas farmácias convencionais da zona urbana do município de Santarém-PA, no qual apresentou questões referentes a sexo, idade e escolaridade dos entrevistados, além de informações sobre as plantas.  Registraram-se 93 espécies citadas pelos entrevistados, sendo que as mais frequentes: cidreira (Melissa sp. L.), boldo (Vernonia sp. Schreb), capim-santo (Cymbopogon sp. Spreng.), hortelã (Mentha sp. L.) e arruda (Ruta sp. L.). As principais partes da planta utilizadas são as folhas e cascas. As formas de preparo mais comuns foram a infusão e decocção. De modo geral, observou-se que o saber tem sido transmitido às gerações mais novas, e que tal conhecimento tem permanecido entre esta parcela da população.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Etnoespécies, Medicina tradicional, Zona urbana

Mission Critical Microgrids: The Case of the Alcântara Space Center

This article reports the conception and design of a mission critical microgrid to serve a critical infrastructure application, namely, the Alcântara Space Launch Center, a government military facility in Brazil. The assumptions, general characteristics, requirements and particularities arising from the application are established and discussed in detail. High resilience and energy security are required in critical periods of operation, demanding a power supply infrastructure composed of redundant and dispachable sources capable of supporting n−1 generation contingencies. Whereas, in the remaining time, economic and environmental aspects take place as main requests. Operation scenarios, on both grid-connected (on-grid) and isolated (off-grid) modes, are formulated as optimization problems and simulations have been performed to analyze these scenarios, which are reported and analyzed here. The off-grid operation, which is clearly more complex, is preferentially addressed, especially in scenarios with contingencies. In this context, the proposed microgrid is conceived to satisfactorily balance requirements such as the economy, pollutant emission reduction, high reliability, resilience and operational security, which are requested by this critical infrastructure application

Mission Critical Microgrids: The Case of the Alcântara Space Center

This article reports the conception and design of a mission critical microgrid to serve a critical infrastructure application, namely, the Alcântara Space Launch Center, a government military facility in Brazil. The assumptions, general characteristics, requirements and particularities arising from the application are established and discussed in detail. High resilience and energy security are required in critical periods of operation, demanding a power supply infrastructure composed of redundant and dispachable sources capable of supporting n−1 generation contingencies. Whereas, in the remaining time, economic and environmental aspects take place as main requests. Operation scenarios, on both grid-connected (on-grid) and isolated (off-grid) modes, are formulated as optimization problems and simulations have been performed to analyze these scenarios, which are reported and analyzed here. The off-grid operation, which is clearly more complex, is preferentially addressed, especially in scenarios with contingencies. In this context, the proposed microgrid is conceived to satisfactorily balance requirements such as the economy, pollutant emission reduction, high reliability, resilience and operational security, which are requested by this critical infrastructure application

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq