47,507 research outputs found
Generating entangled atom-photon pairs from Bose-Einstein condensates
We propose using spontaneous Raman scattering from an optically driven
Bose-Einstein condensate as a source of atom-photon pairs whose internal states
are maximally entangled. Generating entanglement between a particle which is
easily transmitted (the photon) and one which is easily trapped and coherently
manipulated (an ultracold atom) will prove useful for a variety of
quantum-information related applications. We analyze the type of entangled
states generated by spontaneous Raman scattering and construct a geometry which
results in maximum entanglement
Theory of superradiant scattering of laser light from Bose-Einstein condensates
In a recent MIT experiment, a new form of superradiant Rayleigh scattering
was observed in Bose-Einstein condensates. We present a detailed theory of this
phenomena in which the directional dependence of the scattering rate and
condensate depletion lead to mode competition which is ultimately responsible
for superradiance. The nonlinear response of the system is highly sensitive to
initial quantum fluctuations which cause large run to run variations in the
observed superradiant pulses.Comment: Updated version with new figures,a numerical simulation with
realistic experimental parameters is now included. Featured in September 1999
Physics Today, in Search and Discovery sectio
The new radiation-hard optical links for the ATLAS pixel detector
The ATLAS detector is currently being upgraded with a new layer of pixel
based charged particle tracking and a new arrangement of the services for the
pixel detector. These upgrades require the replacement of the opto-boards
previously used by the pixel detector. In this report we give details on the
design and production of the new opto-boards.Comment: Presentation at the DPF 2013 Meeting of the American Physical Society
Division of Particles and Fields, Santa Cruz, California, August 13-17, 201
Finite Cluster Typical Medium Theory for Disordered Electronic Systems
We use the recently developed typical medium dynamical cluster (TMDCA)
approach~[Ekuma \etal,~\textit{Phys. Rev. B \textbf{89}, 081107 (2014)}] to
perform a detailed study of the Anderson localization transition in three
dimensions for the Box, Gaussian, Lorentzian, and Binary disorder
distributions, and benchmark them with exact numerical results. Utilizing the
nonlocal hybridization function and the momentum resolved typical spectra to
characterize the localization transition in three dimensions, we demonstrate
the importance of both spatial correlations and a typical environment for the
proper characterization of the localization transition in all the disorder
distributions studied. As a function of increasing cluster size, the TMDCA
systematically recovers the re-entrance behavior of the mobility edge for
disorder distributions with finite variance, obtaining the correct critical
disorder strengths, and shows that the order parameter critical exponent for
the Anderson localization transition is universal. The TMDCA is computationally
efficient, requiring only a small cluster to obtain qualitative and
quantitative data in good agreement with numerical exact results at a fraction
of the computational cost. Our results demonstrate that the TMDCA provides a
consistent and systematic description of the Anderson localization transition.Comment: 20 Pages, 19 Figures, 3 Table
A Tunable Anomalous Hall Effect in a Non-Ferromagnetic System
We measure the low-field Hall resistivity of a magnetically-doped
two-dimensional electron gas as a function of temperature and
electrically-gated carrier density. Comparing these results with the carrier
density extracted from Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations reveals an excess Hall
resistivity that increases with decreasing temperature. This excess Hall
resistivity qualitatively tracks the paramagnetic polarization of the sample,
in analogy to the ferromagnetic anomalous Hall effect. The data are consistent
with skew-scattering of carriers by disorder near the crossover to
localization
Management of neonates after postpartum discharge and all children in the ambulatory setting during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created additional challenges with an increased number of presumed healthy, full-term newborns being discharged at 24 h after delivery. Short lengths of stay raise the possibility of mother-infant dyads being less ready for discharge, defined as at least one of the three informants (i.e., mother, pediatrician, and obstetrician) believing that either the mother and/or infant should stay longer than the proposed time of discharge. This public health crisis has reduced the number of in-person well child visits, negatively impacting vaccine receipt, and anticipatory guidance. RECENT FINDINGS: Extra precautions should be taken during the transition period between postpartum discharge and follow-up in the ambulatory setting to ensure the safety of all patients and practice team members. This should include restructuring office flow by visit type and location, limiting in-person visits during well infant exams, instituting proper procedures for personal protective equipment and for cleaning of the office, expanding telehealth capabilities for care and education, and prioritizing universal vaccinations and routine well child screenings. SUMMARY: Based on current limited evidence, this report provides guidance for the postdischarge management of newborns born to mothers with confirmed or suspected disease in the ambulatory setting as well as prioritizing universal immunizations and routine well child screenings during the COVID-19 pandemic
Position and energy-resolved particle detection using phonon-mediated microwave kinetic inductance detectors
We demonstrate position and energy-resolved phonon-mediated detection of particle interactions in a silicon substrate instrumented with an array of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). The relative magnitude and delay of the signal received in each sensor allow the location of the interaction to be determined with ≲ 1mm resolution at 30 keV. Using this position information, variations in the detector response with position can be removed, and an energy resolution of σ_E = 0.55 keV at 30 keV was measured. Since MKIDs can be fabricated from a single deposited film and are naturally multiplexed in the frequency domain, this technology can be extended to provide highly pixelized athermal phonon sensors for ∼1 kg scale detector elements. Such high-resolution, massive particle detectors would be applicable to rare-event searches such as the direct detection of dark matter, neutrinoless double-beta decay, or coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering
Turbulence generation by a shock wave interacting with a random density inhomogeneity field
When a planar shock wave interacts with a random pattern of pre-shock density
non-uniformities, it generates an anisotropic turbulent velocity/vorticity
field. This turbulence plays an important role at the early stages of the
mixing process in the compressed fluid. This situation emerges naturally in
shock interaction with weakly inhomogeneous deuterium-wicked foam targets in
Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) and with density clumps/clouds in
astrophysics. We present an exact small-amplitude linear theory describing such
interaction. It is based on the exact theory of time and space evolution of the
perturbed quantities behind a corrugated shock front for a single-mode
pre-shock non-uniformity. Appropriate mode averaging in 2D results in closed
analytical expressions for the turbulent kinetic energy, degree of anisotropy
of velocity and vorticity fields in the shocked fluid, shock amplification of
the density non-uniformity, and sonic energy flux radiated downstream. These
explicit formulas are further simplified in the important asymptotic limits of
weak/strong shocks and highly compressible fluids. A comparison with the
related problem of a shock interacting with a pre-shock isotropic vorticity
field is also presented.Comment: This article corresponds to a presentation given at the Second
International Conference and Advanced School "Turbulent Mixing and Beyond,"
held on 27 July - 07 August 2009 at the Abdus Salam International Centre for
Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy. That Conference Proceeding will be
published as a Topical Issue of the Physica Scripta IOP scienc
Energy cost associated with vortex crossing in superconductors
Starting from the Ginzburg-Landau free energy of a type II superconductor in
a magnetic field we estimate the energy associated with two vortices crossing.
The calculations are performed by assuming that we are in a part of the phase
diagram where the lowest Landau level approximation is valid. We consider only
two vortices but with two markedly different sets of boundary conditions: on a
sphere and on a plane with quasi-periodic boundary conditions. We find that the
answers are very similar suggesting that the energy is localised to the
crossing point. The crossing energy is found to be field and temperature
dependent -- with a value at the experimentally measured melting line of
, where is the Lindemann
melting criterion parameter. The crossing energy is then used with an extension
of the Marchetti, Nelson and Cates hydrodynamic theory to suggest an
explanation of the recent transport experiments of Safar {{\em et al.}\ }.Comment: 15 pages, RevTex v3.0, followed by 5 postscript figure
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