752 research outputs found
The role of aerodynamic forces in a mathematical model for suspension bridges
In a fish-bone model for suspension bridges studied by us in a previous paper
we introduce linear aerodynamic forces. We numerically analyze the role of
these forces and we theoretically show that they do not influence the onset of
torsional oscillations. This suggests a new explanation for the origin of
instability in suspension bridges: it is a combined interaction between
structural nonlinearity and aerodynamics and it follows a precise pattern. This
gives an answer to a long-standing question about the origin of torsional
instability in suspension bridges
Breakdown of correspondence in chaotic systems: Ehrenfest versus localization times
Breakdown of quantum-classical correspondence is studied on an experimentally
realizable example of one-dimensional periodically driven system. Two relevant
time scales are identified in this system: the short Ehrenfest time t_h and the
typically much longer localization time scale T_L. It is shown that
surprisingly weak modification of the Hamiltonian may eliminate the more
dramatic symptoms of localization without effecting the more subtle but
ubiquitous and rapid loss of correspondence at t_h.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, replaced with a version submitted to PR
Theoretical analysis of quantum dynamics in 1D lattices: Wannier-Stark description
This papers presents a formalism describing the dynamics of a quantum
particle in a one-dimensional tilted time-dependent lattice. The description
uses the Wannier-Stark states, which are localized in each site of the lattice
and provides a simple framework leading to fully-analytical developments.
Particular attention is devoted to the case of a time-dependent potential,
which results in a rich variety of quantum coherent dynamics is found.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PR
Sensitivity to measurement perturbation of single atom dynamics in cavity QED
We consider continuous observation of the nonlinear dynamics of single atom
trapped in an optical cavity by a standing wave with intensity modulation. The
motion of the atom changes the phase of the field which is then monitored by
homodyne detection of the output field. We show that the conditional Hilbert
space dynamics of this system, subject to measurement induced perturbations,
depends strongly on whether the corresponding classical dynamics is regular or
chaotic. If the classical dynamics is chaotic the distribution of conditional
Hilbert space vectors corresponding to different observation records tends to
be orthogonal. This is a characteristic feature of hypersensitivity to
perturbation for quantum chaotic systems.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Coherent Manipulation of Quantum Delta-kicked Dynamics: Faster-than-classical Anomalous Diffusion
Large transporting regular islands are found in the classical phase space of
a modified kicked rotor system in which the kicking potential is reversed after
every two kicks. The corresponding quantum system, for a variety of system
parameters and over long time scales, is shown to display energy absorption
that is significantly faster than that associated with the underlying classical
anomalous diffusion. The results are of interest to both areas of quantum chaos
and quantum control.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Physical Review
Chaos in a double driven dissipative nonlinear oscillator
We propose an anharmonic oscillator driven by two periodic forces of
different frequencies as a new time-dependent model for investigating quantum
dissipative chaos. Our analysis is done in the frame of statistical ensemble of
quantum trajectories in quantum state diffusion approach. Quantum dynamical
manifestation of chaotic behavior, including the emergence of chaos, properties
of strange attractors, and quantum entanglement are studied by numerical
simulation of ensemble averaged Wigner function and von Neumann entropy.Comment: 9 pages, 18 figure
A Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Classical Phase Space Structure on a Quantum System
We present a detailed numerical study of a chaotic classical system and its
quantum counterpart. The system is a special case of a kicked rotor and for
certain parameter values possesses cantori dividing chaotic regions of the
classical phase space. We investigate the diffusion of particles through a
cantorus; classical diffusion is observed but quantum diffusion is only
significant when the classical phase space area escaping through the cantorus
per kicking period greatly exceeds Planck's constant. A quantum analysis
confirms that the cantori act as barriers. We numerically estimate the
classical phase space flux through the cantorus per kick and relate this
quantity to the behaviour of the quantum system. We introduce decoherence via
environmental interactions with the quantum system and observe the subsequent
increase in the transport of quantum particles through the boundary.Comment: 15 pages, 22 figure
Chaos and flights in the atom-photon interaction in cavity QED
We study dynamics of the atom-photon interaction in cavity quantum
electrodynamics (QED), considering a cold two-level atom in a single-mode
high-finesse standing-wave cavity as a nonlinear Hamiltonian system with three
coupled degrees of freedom: translational, internal atomic, and the field. The
system proves to have different types of motion including L\'{e}vy flights and
chaotic walkings of an atom in a cavity. It is shown that the translational
motion, related to the atom recoils, is governed by an equation of a parametric
nonlinear pendulum with a frequency modulated by the Rabi oscillations. This
type of dynamics is chaotic with some width of the stochastic layer that is
estimated analytically. The width is fairly small for realistic values of the
control parameters, the normalized detuning and atomic recoil
frequency . It is demonstrated how the atom-photon dynamics with a
given value of depends on the values of and initial
conditions. Two types of L\'{e}vy flights, one corresponding to the ballistic
motion of the atom and another one corresponding to small oscillations in a
potential well, are found. These flights influence statistical properties of
the atom-photon interaction such as distribution of Poincar\'{e} recurrences
and moments of the atom position . The simulation shows different regimes of
motion, from slightly abnormal diffusion with at to a superdiffusion with at that
corresponds to a superballistic motion of the atom with an acceleration. The
obtained results can be used to find new ways to manipulate atoms, to cool and
trap them by adjusting the detuning .Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev.
Tidal Dwarf Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts
We present the first attempt at measuring the production rate of tidal dwarf
galaxies (TDGs) and estimating their contribution to the overall dwarf
population. Using HST/ACS deep imaging data from GOODS and GEMS surveys in
conjunction with photometric redshifts from COMBO-17 survey, we performed a
morphological analysis for a sample of merging/interacting galaxies in the
Extended Chandra Deep Field South and identified tidal dwarf candidates in the
rest-frame optical bands. We estimated a production rate about 1.4 {\times}
10^{-5} per Gyr per comoving volume for long-lived TDGs with stellar mass 3
{\times} 10^{8-9} solar mass at 0.5<z<1.1. Together with galaxy merger rates
and TDG survival rate from the literature, our results suggest that only a
marginal fraction (less than 10%) of dwarf galaxies in the local universe could
be tidally-originated. TDGs in our sample are on average bluer than their host
galaxies in the optical. Stellar population modelling of optical to
near-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for two TDGs favors a burst
component with age 400/200 Myr and stellar mass 40%/26% of the total,
indicating that a young stellar population newly formed in TDGs. This is
consistent with the episodic star formation histories found for nearby TDGs.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space
Scienc
Evidence for Shape Co-existence at medium spin in 76Rb
Four previously known rotational bands in 76Rb have been extended to moderate
spins using the Gammasphere and Microball gamma ray and charged particle
detector arrays and the 40Ca(40Ca,3pn) reaction at a beam energy of 165 MeV.
The properties of two of the negative-parity bands can only readily be
interpreted in terms of the highly successful Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model
calculations if they have the same configuration in terms of the number of g9/2
particles, but they result from different nuclear shapes (one near-oblate and
the other near-prolate). These data appear to constitute a unique example of
shape co-existing structures at medium spins.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters
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