Efeito da salinidade na tensão interfacial do sistema óleo/agua em condições isobáricas e incremento gradual da temperatura

O estudo da tensão interfacial é importante devido a que define os principais parâmetros nos processos de recuperação avançada de petróleo. O artigo procura determinar experimentalmente as características específicas dos reservatórios carbonados e o comportamento da tensão interfacial em sistemas contaminados com carbonato de cálcio e cloreto de sódio e as características específicas dos reservatórios carbonados. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no equipamento Drop Shape Analyzer DSA 100HP e foram propostas duas configurações do sistema n-alcano/água (a primeira com fluidos puros e a segunda com cloreto de sódio dissolvido na água com uma concentração de 3%). Em quanto às condições de operação, foram realizadas a pressão atmosférica constante e quatro temperaturas diferentes, Os resultados obtidos foram processados mediante análise estatístico. Foram obtidas duas equações de reta onde em um dos casos se conseguiu um ajuste ótimo com dados obtidos na literatura e modelos numéricos, entanto, através das correlações evidenciou-se uma significativa diferença dentre ambos sistemas, mostrando assim que o sistemaque contem salmoura apresenta menor valor de tensão interfacial.The interfacial tension is an important property in the enhanced oil recovery processes. And determinate different parameters in the Enhanced Recovery Processes, this paper is addressed in determine experimentally the interfacial tension behavior in systems who has calcium carbonate or sodium chlorate, characteristic of the carbonate reservoirs.This work was carried out in the Drop Shape Analyzer DSA100HP equipment, where was proposed two systems n-alkane/water (one with pure fluids and other with three percent of sodium chloride). Maintaining constant the pressure and gradually increase the temperature, these results are then processed through a statistical analysis obtained values of interfacial tension for each thermal point. In such a way the results achieve two equations, where once that is perfectly adjusted to the literature and which were validated using the comparison with other authors, finding values of angle coefficient whose relative error percentage is entirely satisfactory,similarly was presented a setting optimum to be matched with theoretical values extracted from numerical methods. According of these ideas, the correlations have a significant difference between both systems, the system who have contamination have a lower interfacial tension value

Aplicación de series de tiempo en la realización de pronósticos de producción

La generación de pronósticos de producción es una actividad cotidiana del ingeniero de petróleos, que se ha venido desarrollando mediante la implementación de herramientas computacionales basadas en los modelos de curvas de declinación y curvas tipo. Estos modelos presentan falencias en la exactitud de los pronósticos, básicamente por dos razones: primero, tienen como gran condición el hecho de que los pozos se encuentren operando en estado pseudoestable y, segundo, ajustan el comportamiento de la producción a una línea de tendencia, la cual es extrapolada en el tiempo para obtener los pronósticos. En esta investigación, como una alternativa a estos modelos, se ha propuesto el uso de series de tiempo en la generación de pronósticos, pues estas incluyen tanto la tendencia como los componentes cíclicos y estacionales de los datos de producción. Se comparó el error absoluto existente entre los datos reales y los pronósticos obtenidos por metodologías convencionales y la aplicación de modelos de series de tiempo. El uso de estas series permitió obtener un mejor ajuste histórico de los datos, evidenciar que pueden presentarse otras tendencias en la declinación (como la cúbica, por ejemplo) y aumentar la precisión de los pronósticos generados.Production forecasting is a daily activity in Petroleum Engineering, developed by commercial software based in Decline Curve Analysis and Type Curves. These models have failures in two aspects: the first one, models are conditioned to wells producing under pseudosteady state; second one, the production data is fitted to a tendential line, that is extrapolated in the time for get the forecasting. In this investigation, as an alternative to those models, a time series application is proposed, because time series include tendencial, cyclic and stational components of production data. The error between the actual data was compared to the forecasts obtained by conventional methods and results of the time series model. This application allowed to obtain a better history matching of data, evidence that other trends may be in decline (cubic, for example) and increase the accuracy of forecasts generated

Adjusting of the annular pressure in wells blocked by presence of gas optimize the production in Cira Infantas field

La industria petrolera se ha caracterizado a lo largo de la historia por la evolución en la forma de desarrollo de los campos. Antiguamente, cuando los campos dejaban de ser económicamente viables debido a las bajas tasas de producción o a los altos costos de extracción, se abandonaban sin consideración. Hoy en día, existen ciertas alternativas para mejorar la producción a un costo viable. En el siguiente artículo se expone la metodología propuesta para contrarrestar un problema denominado “bloqueo por gas” en el campo La Cira-Infantas del Valle Medio del Magdalena, el cual surge cuando la presión de fondo fluyente es menor a la presión de burbuja, lo cual genera flujo multifásico en la cara de la formación, causando el descenso de las tasas de producción. Se elaboró una metodología práctica analizando y teniendo en cuenta el comportamiento histórico de producción y se comparó con un odelo de simulación en el software Pipesim. Finalmente se analizaron los resultados obtenidos y se propusieron los criterios para establecer los pozos candidatos a ser sometidos al mismo procedimiento.The oil and gas industry has been traditionally recognized throughout history due to its facility to evolve in topics related to resources exploitation and development. Previously, an oil field could be considered non-profitable when it reaches low oil production rates or high operational expenses resulting in its abandonment. A useful starting point for this article is the study of the reservoir fluids behavior. According as a definite volume of fluids is extracted from the reservoir, the system progressively lost energy until the static bottom-hole pressure equals the saturation pressure. At this point, it is released the first bubble of gas and the multiphasic flow appears carrying out particular issues such as gas blockage that directly affects the oil productivity index. In this article, it is exposed a detailed methodology to diminish that concrete problem exhibited in several oil wells from the Cira-Infantas which significantly strikes the well performance. In fact, it was made up a practical methodology taking into count the fluids properties variations and the historic production performance in order to compare the results obtained against a thorough analysis generated by computational modeling in Pipesim flow simulator. Finally, the acquired results were meticulously processed and there were proposed several criteria to identify the suitable wells to be submitted for the same procedure