Estudo sobre a indústria de fundos de investimentos imobiliários no Brasil

Bibliografia: p. 294-295.O trabalho analisa a evolução dos fundos de investimentos imobiliários (FII), segmento consolidado nos Estados Unidos, onde o conceito surgiu na década de 1880 e começou a se desenvolver na década de 1960, e que, no Brasil, desenvolveu-se há menos de quatro anos; mostra o FII como um instrumento de agregação do mercado de capitais aos investimentos em imóveis, ampliando o acesso para investidores de pequeno e médio portes à aquisição de imóveis de significativo valor comercial destinados a renda, tais como shopping centers, escritórios, armazéns e residências; aborda as normas dos FIIs no país, suas vantagens e riscos; as características das atuações dos investidores em imóveis, em especial os fundos de pensão, bem como de nosso mercado de capitais e do BNDES; explicita a relevância do setor imobiliário para a geração de emprego e renda; e propõe alternativas de financiamento ao segmento e para o aperfeiçoamento da indústria de FIIs, incluindo sua utilização pelo BNDES.This paper analyses the evolution of real estate investment trusts (REITs), a firmly established industry which arose in the USA during the 1880s but only started to develop in the 1960s and which began to develop less than four years ago in Brazil; shows the REIT as na instrument for aggregating the capital market into real estate investments, enabling small- and medium-sized investors to acquire valuable properties for income purposes, such as shopping malls, offices, warehouses and residences; presentes the REITs rules in Brazil, its advantages and risks; the characteristics of real estate investors’ activity, particularly the pension funds, as well as of Brazilian capital market and of BNDES; explains the importance of the real estate sector for income and employment generation; and suggests financing options for the segment and for improving the REITs industry, including its use by BNDES

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora