Preliminary study from rice husk extracts to finish textile fabrics

[EN] Nowadays, envoronmental concern is increasing and textile industry is aware of it. Circular economy are two words which are linked together and frequently used nowadays. In this report, we focus the reseach on the rice husk in order to dimish the problem rice waste generates to farmers. Rice husk was treated with some chemicals (HNO3). The extract was dried and conveniently dissolved to apply it on textile fabrics made of 100 % cotton and 100 % polyester.. The extract was dissolved on NaOH solution and applied by padding on a cotton and polyester fabric at different concentrations. The dried extract was analysed by FTIR and both the extract and fabrics were observed by FESEM-EDX to detect the presence of some particles Results evidence the presence of some particles on the fibres, despite having applied low concentrations FTIR is sensitive enough to detect its presence on fibers. It was expected to observe Si from the extract but FESEMEDX could not appreciate it. Once the treatment was applied on the fabric yellowing was observed but also water repellence thus with the FTIR spectrum gives the idea that the extract was mainly comprised of lignin. Further studies will be conducted in order to spcecify the new properties conferred to the textiles.Soler, A.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Bonet-Aracil, M. (2020). Preliminary study from rice husk extracts to finish textile fabrics. Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork (Online). 1:117-122. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165410S117122

The effect of the combination of multiple woven fabric and nonwoven on acoustic absorption

[EN] Textile materials can be used as acoustic materials. In this study, the acoustic absorption coefficient of multilayer fabrics with 60 ends/cm and 15, 30, 45, and 60 picks/cm is measured when the fabric is added as a resistive layer on top of a polyester nonwoven, in order to study the influence of the fabric spatial structure in the acoustic absorption of the assembly. Five different fabric structures are used. Design of experiments and data analysis tools are used to describe the influence of two manufacturing factors on the sound absorption coefficient of the ensemble. These factors are the fabric weft count (picks/cm) and the thickness of the nonwoven (mm). The experimental conditions under which the maximum sound absorption coefficient is achieved are found. The influence of each factor and a mathematical model are obtained. Results of statistical and optimization analysis show that for the same fabric density, sound absorption coefficient increases as the number of layers decreases.Segura-Alcaraz, P.; Segura Alcaraz, JG.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Bonet-Aracil, M. (2021). The effect of the combination of multiple woven fabric and nonwoven on acoustic absorption. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 50(8):1262-1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837198587711262128050

Influence of the size of tourmaline particles applied on polyester fabric on the release of negative ions

[EN] There are some scientific papers that verify that the generation of negative ions in the air have positive consequences on people's mood and health. In this work is intended to increase the generation of negative ions from polyester fabrics to achieve an increase in well-being and comfort through the realize of negative ions. To improve the negative ion release ability on different substrates there have been many studies which have considered silicates as a good particle with these characteristics. Polyester fabrics were treated using padding system with different tourmaline microparticles in order to modify the surface behavior when rubbed and demonstrating that it is possible to modify the number of negative ions generated. Two types of tourmaline microparticles with different size particles, 3 and 30 m, were studied and applied on the samples with and without an acrylic resin to get a better fixation. To determine the quantity of negative ions released, an ion counter was used, testing each sample. Finally, the results were studied, analyzing the different parameters that influence them, as the concentration, the addition of resin or the kind of the particle. The best results were obtained with the Tourmaline with 30 m at 50 g/L concentration and without the addition of the acrylic resin.Authors would like to acknowledge the financial support given by Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation and universities under the RETOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN, I+D+i ORIENTADA A LOS RETOS DE LA SOCIEDAD program on the 2018 call, because of the project reference RTI2018-094014-B-I0.Mira, C.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bou-Belda, E. (2020). Influence of the size of tourmaline particles applied on polyester fabric on the release of negative ions. Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork. 21(2):53-56. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165359S535621

Peer instruction. A tool to involve students on the learning process

[EN] Teaching at engineering schools is affected, as many other disciplines, by the necessity of moving from traditional lecturing to more active methods. Preparation to real work must not be only focused on the special skills related to the studies but include transversal competences as well. Those competences must be focused on what society is supposed to request. Nowadays, considering we are living in a competitive environment, those competences are basically: critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, lifelong learners [1,2] Pear Instruction (PI) is a didactic method that began in 1990 by Professor Eric Mazur to teach Physics. It is based on explaining briefly a concept and let the student to develop it firstly individually and later on in groups. PI is a teaching strategy in which two-three students discuss and explain their thinking in relation to a specific topic. The objective of the discussion is a deeper understanding of the topic or problem under discussion, which makes them much more likely to remember and use the concept and ultimately produce more quality learning. The act of explaining and defending what one has understood against the alternative explanations of others, helps students to become deeply involved in learning [3]. The aim of this paper is to show the results of an experience when Peer instructions was adapted and used in a different subject from physics. The method was used among the students in an optional subject at Engineering studies in design, a subject from textile engineering area. Three important concepts on the subject were selected. The contents were thought by flip teaching as a recorded lesson (less than 10 minutes). The student answered a test and worked in teams in the classroom discussing which was the correct answer. Finally, the team answered and it was analyzed, offering feedback to the whole class. It was evidenced that students changes their attitude towards considering different points of view and tackling the subject from different points of view. The results from the experience also showed how the method was capable to move the students to work in teams and the benefits of it. Students also gave importance to the feedback given at the end of each topic, they considered it necessary despite getting a good mark as it allowed them to get a deep knowledge.Díaz-García, P.; Bou-Belda, E.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bonet-Aracil, M. (2021). Peer instruction. A tool to involve students on the learning process. IATED. 7109-7115. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1414S7109711

Textile industry indicators for management

Traditional accounting is based on financial indicators; the balanced scorecard divides management into different perspectives, some authors suggesting no more than four or five for each company. To measure each perspective some indicators should be defined. The aim of this work is to propose some indicators that fit each perspective for some textile companies that work in weaving fabrics. These indicators are specific for them, and very useful to help companies' management in the current circumstances of globalisation. Businesses must strive to increase their competitive advantage, which will increasingly depend on the parameters of innovation, development of new products, versatility, quality, costs, etc., and indicators will measure it.Montava Seguí, IJ.; García Paya, R.; Bonet Aracil, MA.; Díaz-García, P. (2010). Textile industry indicators for management. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. 21(1):1-9. doi:10.1080/14783360903492470S19211Heredia Álvaro, J. A. (2001). Sistema de indicadores para la mejora y el control integrado de la calidad de los procesos. doi:10.6035/athenea.2001.4Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2001). The strategy-focused organization. Strategy & Leadership, 29(3). doi:10.1108/sl.2001.26129cab.002Lleonart, P. and Garola, [Agrave]. 2003. “El impacto de la liberización de los intercambios comerciales en el sector textil confección. Gabinet D'estudis Econòmics S.A. Josep MaArús, Estudis Econòmics I Serveis Empresarials. Minesterio de Ciencia y Tecnología. Boletin Económico de ICE, 2868”. 47–5

Evaluation of flexural rigidity of cotton fabrics treated with poliurethane and acrilyc resin and montmorillonite particles

[EN] Textile manufacturers are demonstrating an increasing interest in the application of different types of micro or nanoparticles in order to add new properties to the fabric. For example, it is demostrated that fabrics treated with some type of silicate particles, like montmorillonite improve the wrinkle resistance of cotton fabric or improve the flame retardant effect, among other interesting properties. Usually these particles, are not a reactive agent that can react with the fibers. Because of that, the resin product are necessary to make them adhere to the fiber, otherwise they will be lost during the actions of treated fabric use and maintenance such as washing, ironing, drying, etc. The resin plays an important role in treating the fuctionalization of the textile. Instead, this compound can modify its properties. In this work, flexural rigidity of treated cotton fabrics with binder and with and without montmorillonite particles were evaluated. Two different resins were studied, acrilyc and poliurethane, and 1, 2.5 and 5 g/L of this product were applied. It was appreciated that fabric treated with particles modify the flexural rigidity in less difference than when treating it only with resin, regardless of the type of binder used.Author would like to acknowledge the financial support given by Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation and universities under the RETOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN, I+D+i ORIENTADA A LOS RETOS DE LA SOCIEDAD program on the 2018 call, because of the project reference RTI2018-094014-B-I0.Carette, M.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bou-Belda, E. (2020). Evaluation of flexural rigidity of cotton fabrics treated with poliurethane and acrilyc resin and montmorillonite particles. Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork. 21(2):11-14. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165406S111421

Screen printing on cotton fabric using chitosan and alginate as natural thickening agent

[EN] In the process of making a print on a fabric, several steps that require many materials and substances are involved. When the purpose is to create a pattern through the use of natural products, it is necessary to pay close attention, not only to the origin and method of extraction of the pigments that you intend to use, but also, for example, to the thickeners to be added to the paste for increasing the viscosity of the pastes and molding, to the stains to be applied for better color rendering on the fabric and to the final fixatives, designed to make the product durable. Thickeners are a fundamental step in the success of printing on fabrics. These agents are generally compounds with a high molecular weight whose task is to transfer to the fabrics the dyes and chemical compounds necessary to create the printing pattern, thanks to the plastic action that they give to the compound used. As far as the environmental consequences of the use of thickeners are concerned, starting from the analysis of the wastewater of the processes, it has emerged that the use of biodegradable additives and guar rubber on the fabrics is preferable, since they are less harmful to the ecosystem. In this work different natural compounds, chitosan and alginate, are used in order to increase the viscosity of the paste prepared for printing. Color measurement of each printed cotton simple was analized and it could be appreciated that alginate paste printed on pretreated fabric with chitosan reached good results.Rondanini, S.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bou-Belda, E. (2020). Screen printing on cotton fabric using chitosan and alginate as natural thickening agent. Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork. 21(2):77-80. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165395S778021

Influence of Structure and Composition of Woven Fabrics on the Conductivity of Flexography Printed Electronics

[EN] The work is framed within Printed Electronics, an emerging technology for the manufacture of electronic products. Among the different printing methods, the roll-to-roll flexography technique is used because it allows continuous manufacturing and high productivity at low cost. Nevertheless, the incorporation of the flexography printing technique in the textile field is still very recent due to technical barriers such as the porosity of the surface, the durability and the ability to withstand washing. By using the flexography printing technique and conductive inks, different printings were performed onto woven fabrics. Specifically, the study is focused on investigating the influence of the structure of the woven fabric with different weave construction, interlacing coefficient, yarn number and fabric density on the conductivity of the printing. In the same way, the influence of the weft composition was studied by a comparison of different materials (cotton, polyester, and wool). Optical, SEM, color fastness to wash, color measurement using reflection spectrophotometer and multi-meter analyses concluded that woven fabrics have a lower conductivity due to the ink expansion through the inner part of the textile. Regarding weft composition, cotton performs worse due to the moisture absorption capacity of cellulosic fiber. A solution for improving conductivity on printed electronic textiles would be pre-treatment of the surface substrates by applying different chemical compounds that increase the adhesion of the ink, avoiding its absorption.This work was supported by the Spanish Government/FEDER funds [Ministerio de Economia y Empresa (MINECO)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)] under Grant RTI2018-100910-B-C43.Rodes-Carbonell, AM.; Ferri, J.; Garcia-Breijo, E.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Bou-Belda, E. (2021). Influence of Structure and Composition of Woven Fabrics on the Conductivity of Flexography Printed Electronics. Polymers. 13(18):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13183165S117131

Fibers of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica as substrate for germination of lentil seeds

[EN] Concern regarding the environment is increasing day by day. Industrialized countries are aware of the problem that waste creates and are focusing efforts toward solving it by recycling and reusing different kinds of waste. Posidonia oceanica is a seagrass species endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, which creates tons of fiber waste that accumulates along the shoreline. This work demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining substrates for plants from P oceanica fibers. We analyze the fiber structure by scanning electron microscopy, and observe the germination rate and the average germination time for lentils seeded on Posidonia substrates in comparison to those seeded on cotton. Two different lengths of Posidonia fiber are studied, as well as the influence of desizing and bleaching. The values for gemination rate and germination time showed comparable or even better results than cotton, allowing us to conclude that Posidonia substrates can be used for agricultural purposes. These results offer a new application for the valorization of waste from the Mediterranean coast by reusing the Posidonia fibers. Moreover, when the fibers are bound together by means of a biopolymer, chitosan, the results show that the germination rate is higher than without chitosan treatment, and the average germination time is reduced by approximately 1 day. Thus, we can conclude that the germination process is faster and more effective.Bonet-Aracil, M.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bou-Belda, E.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Díaz-García, P. (2019). Fibers of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica as substrate for germination of lentil seeds. SN Applied Sciences. 1(11):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1420-5S16111Ferrero B, Fombuena V, Fenollar O, Boronat T, Balart R (2015) Development of natural fiber-reinforced plastics (NFRP) based on biobased polyethylene and waste fibers from Posidonia oceanica seaweed. Polym Compos 36(8):1378–1385Ferrero B, Boronat T, Moriana R, Fenollar O, Balart R (2013) Green composites based on wheat gluten matrix and Posidonia oceanica waste fibers as reinforcements. Polym Compos 34(10):1663–1669Khiari R, Marrakchi Z, Belgacem MN, Mauret E, Mhenni F (2011) New lignocellulosic fibres-reinforced composite materials: a step forward in the valorisation of the Posidonia oceanica balls. Compos Sci Technol 71(16):1867–1872Khiari R, Mhenni MF, Belgacem MN, Mauret E (2010) Chemical composition and pulping of date palm rachis and Posidonia oceanica—a comparison with other wood and non-wood fibre sources. Bioresour Technol 101:775–780Ncibi MC, Mahjoub B, Seffen M (2007) Kinetic and equilibrium studies of methylene blue biosorption by Posidonia oceanica (L.) fibres. J Hazard Mater 139(2):280–285Wahab MA, Jellali S, Jedidi N (2010) Effect of temperature and pH on the biosorption of ammonium onto Posidonia oceanica fibers: equilibrium, and kinetic modeling studies. Bioresour Technol 101(22):8606–8615Aguir C, Mhenni MF (2006) Experimental study on carboxymethylation of cellulose extracted from Posidonia oceanica. J Appl Polym Sci 98:1808–1816Plis A, Lasek J, Skawińska A, Kopczyński M (2014) Thermo-chemical properties of biomass from Posidonia oceanica. Chem Pap 68(7):879–889Mitra A, Li YF, Klämpfl TG, Shimizu T, Jeon J, Morfill GE, Zimmermann JL (2014) Inactivation of surface-borne microorganisms and increased germination of seed specimen by cold atmospheric plasma. Food Bioprocess Technol 7(3):645–653International Seed Testing Association (1985) International rules for seed testing 1985. Seed Sci Technol 13(2):299–513Taylor AG, Harman GE (1990) Concepts and technologies of selected seed treatments. Annu Rev Phytopathol 28(1):321–339Goertz SH, ve Coons JM (1989) Germination response of tepary and navy beans to sodium chloride and temperature. HortScience 24(6):923–925Kaya MD, Kaya G, Kolsarıcı Ö (2005) The effects of NaCl concentrations on germination and excretion of some Brassica species. J Agric Sci 11(4):448–45

Chitosan pretreatment for cotton dyeing with black tea

[EN] Chitosan is used in a wide range of applications due to its intrinsic properties. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from chitin and among their most important aspects highlights its bonding with cotton and its antibacterial properties. In this study two different molecular weight chitosan are used in the dyeing process of cotton with black tea to evaluate its influence. In order to evaluate the effect of the pretreatment with chitosan, DSC and reflection spectrophotometer analysis are performed. The curing temperature is evaluated by the DSC analysis of cotton fabric treated with 15 g/L of chitosan, whilst the enhancement of the dyeing is evaluated by the colorimetric coordinates and the K/S value obtained spectrophotometrically. This study shows the extent of improvement of the pretreatment with chitosan in dyeing with natural products as black tea.Campos Payá, J.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava-Seguí, I.; Bonet-Aracil, M.; Bou-Belda, E. (2017). Chitosan pretreatment for cotton dyeing with black tea. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering. 254:1-6. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/254/11/112001S1625