Acute myocardial infarction with occlusion of all three main epicardial coronary arteries: When Mother Nature takes care more than physicians

Double-arterial coronary stent thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an infrequent but severe complication, especially when the third main coronary artery is chronically occluded. The conus artery (CA) can serve as a major source of collateral when the left anterior descendent coronary artery (LAD) becomes obstructed. We report a case of a 48-year-old man presenting with AMI due to a very late double-arterial stent thrombosis (ST) following drug-eluting stent implantation and a chronic occlusion of LAD collateralized by a large anomalous CA, which provided for the entire vascularization of the coronary tree. © 2010 Springer

Modified mother-child technique for selective cannulation of complex take-off left coronary artery

An 85-year-old male patient, with long-standing hypertension, was admitted to our hospital for a late inferior myocardial infarction. An elective coronary angiogram was performed, but due to severe iliac artery tortuosity, thoracic aortic dilatation, high left coronary artery take-off, and separated origin of the left descending coronary artery and circumflex, selective cannulation with different catheter shapes was not possible. Thus, we decided to utilize a modified mother-child technique by cutting the first 10 cm from the hub of a conventional 7 F Judkins left 4 guiding catheter and inserting it into a 7 F valved sheath. Then, we introduced a conventional 6 F Amplatz Left 2 diagnostic catheter inside it. In this way, we were able to easily reach both separate ostia and to perform complete left coronary angiography. The technique we described herewith could represent a valid solution to allow utilization of standard coronary catheters with different shapes commercially available in cases of complex coronary artery origin. © 2010 Italian Federation of Cardiology

Selective Adsorption of Surfactant Lipids by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Mouse Lung upon Pharyngeal Aspiration

The pulmonary route represents one of the most important portals of entry for nanoparticles into the body. However, the in vivo interactions of nanoparticles with biomolecules of the lung have not been sufficiently studied. Here, using an established mouse model of pharyngeal aspiration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), we recovered SWCNTs from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf), purified them from possible contamination with lung cells, and examined the composition of phospholipids adsorbed on SWCNTs by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. We found that SWCNTs selectively adsorbed two types of the most abundant surfactant phospholipids: phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylglycerols (PG). Molecular speciation of these phospholipids was also consistent with pulmonary surfactant. Quantitation of adsorbed lipids by LC-MS along with the structural assessments of phospholipid binding by atomic force microscopy and molecular modeling indicated that the phospholipids (∼108 molecules per SWCNT) formed an uninterrupted "coating" whereby the hydrophobic alkyl chains of the phospholipids were adsorbed onto the SWCNT with the polar head groups pointed away from the SWCNT into the aqueous phase. In addition, the presence of surfactant proteins A, B, and D on SWCNTs was determined by LC-MS. Finally, we demonstrated that the presence of this surfactant coating markedly enhanced the in vitro uptake of SWCNTs by macrophages. Taken together, this is the first demonstration of the in vivo adsorption of the surfactant lipids and proteins on SWCNTs in a physiologically relevant animal model