MEDICO ETHNOBOTANICAL PERSPECTIVES OF JYOTISMATI(CELASTRUS PANICULATUS. WILLD )- A HERBAL TRANQUILIZER

Jyotismati (Celastrus paniculatus)is a woody climber of vedic lore. In several studies seed oil was screened for its sedative and tranquillizing properties. But the tribal claims of other parts of jyotismati are yet to be studied. The plant jyotismati is used throughout the tribal population of India ofr wound healing, cough, insomnia, opium poisoning.The details of medico ethnobotanical aspect of the plant jyotismati and the recent researches carrying out on the plant clearly indicate that jyotismati place a key role in the healthcare system of India

Th17 pathway-mediated immunopathogenesis of schizophrenia : mechanisms and implications

Schizophrenia is a highly complex and severe neuropsychiatric disorder with an unknown etiopathology. Evidence for a dysregulated immune system in both the risk for and progression of schizophrenia has recently been overwhelming. Importantly, chronic low-grade inflammation both in the periphery and central nervous system has been shown to contribute predominantly to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in a subset of individuals. Inflammation in the central nervous system is mediated by a range of proinflammatory cytokines, resident immune cells such as microglia, and brain infiltrating peripheral immunocompetent cells, such as T lymphocytes. Recently, Th17 cells, a subset of T helper cells have emerged as crucial players in mucosal defense against infections. It is linked to atopic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. The risk factors/mechanisms leading to low-grade inflammation in schizophrenia are diverse and include infectious agents, stress, trauma, environmental toxins, genetic vulnerability, physical inactivity, obesity, poor diet, and sleep disruption. Herein, we propose that fetal programming of cellular immune components driven by intrauterine adversity can lead to the generation of long-lasting effector/memory Th17 cells. Th17 cells can disrupt the blood-brain barrier, infiltrate the central nervous system, and, along with other cytokines and microglia, lead to neuroprogression through neuroinflammation in schizophrenia

<i>Yoga</i> and <i>Ayurveda</i>: Concomitant preventive therapeutics for some important lifestyle disorders

60-68Yoga is considered as one of the important measure for prevention of diseases and promotion of health, practiced in India since time immemorial and presently emphasized greatly by the Government of India. In spite, procedural part of Yoga, viz. Asana, is more popular among common people, but actual application of Yoga meant in a wider way. Yoga, in therapeutic purpose, includes both the physical and psychological aspects. Similar approach is also described in Ayurveda. The preventive aspects of therapeutics are the primary aim of Ayurveda and it is predicted that the idea of Ayurveda percolated in Yoga too. Importance of preventive therapeutics is now a great concern in bio-medical sciences. An attempt has been made in the present article regarding concomitant applications of both the Yoga and Ayurveda in prevention of certain diseases like respiratory problems, cardio-vascular diseases, hepato-billiary diseases and diabetes mellitus

Impact of <i>Yoga</i> upon the DNA repair mechanism of the body

117-121Yoga is considered to be one of the oldest sciences developed as per precedence, where merging certain simple postural movements with basic physiological actions, have proved to be revitalising for both mind and body. The present study is focussed upon the basic chemistry that underlies this phenomenon. The impacts of yoga upon the DNA repair mechanism of the body, where we have tried to find out how Yoga can activate the glutathione production in the body, which is the innate antioxidant agent. Thus, helps to prevent and/ or alleviate necrotic pathophysiological conditions as well. We have also compared cases where people doing yoga are living a better life than people who are debarred from it, where improvement in their mental well-being as revealed Electro Encephalogram investigations

\clw-hypercontractions and their model

We revisit the study of $\omega$-hypercontractions corresponding to a single weight sequence $\omega=\{\omega_k\}_{k\geq0}$ introduced by Olofsson in \cite{O} and find an analogue of Nagy-Foias characteristic function in this setting. Explicit construction of characteristic functions is obtained and it is shown to be a complete unitary invariant. By considering a multi-weight sequence \clw and \clw-hypercontractions we extend Olofsson's work \cite{O} in the multi-variable setting. Model for \clw-hypercontractions is obtained by finding their dilations on certain weighted Bergman spaces over the polydisc corresponding to the multi-weight sequence \clw. This recovers and provides a different proof of the earlier work of Curto and Vasilescu \cite{CVPoly, CV} for $\gamma$-contractive multi-operators through a particular choice of multi-weight sequence.Comment: 31 pages, updated version, comments are welcom

Plasma microRNAs as a Potential Biomarker for Identification of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the second most common Parkinsonian disorder with complex etiology. The underlying molecular mechanism of PSP pathogenesis remains unclear. The present study aims to find the feasibility of using plasma miRNAs as novel biomarkers. Plasma-focused qPCR panels were used for microRNA profiling and identified differentially expressed microRNAs in PSP compared to controls. The DIANA-miRPath v3.0 was used to perform KEGG pathway analysis. We then confirmed the expression of selected candidates by RT-qPCR and their clinical utility was assessed by ROC analysis. Profiling data revealed 28 differentially expressed microRNAs in PSP. Five overexpressed miRNAs were selected for further analysis. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed 48 high-risk pathways. The study revealed that as a single marker—miR-19b-3p, miR-33a-5p, miR-130b-3p, miR-136-3p, and miR-210-3p had a specificity of 64.71%, 82.35%, 68.75%, 82.35%, and 70.59% at sensitivity 77.78%, 77.78%, 66.67%, 73.33%, and 66.67%, respectively. The result suggests that circulating plasma miRNAs were altered in PSP compared to control. The findings of this study may provide potential biomarkers and pathways associated with PSP. Further large-scale validation studies are required to confirm the same

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: effects of pharmacotherapy

Bipolar disorder is a common, chronic, and complex mental illness. Bipolar disorder is frequently comorbid with primary mitochondrial and metabolic disorders, and studies have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in its pathophysiology. In the brains of people with bipolar disorder, high-energy phosphates are decreased, lactate is elevated and pH decreased, which together suggest a shift toward glycolysis for energy production. Furthermore, oxidative stress is increased, and calcium signalling dysregulated. Additionally there is downregulation of the expression of mitochondrial complexes, especially complex I. The therapeutic effects of some bipolar disorder drugs have recently been shown to be related to these mechanisms. In this review we will evaluate current research on the interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and bipolar disorder pathology. We will then appraise the current literature describing the effects of bipolar disorder drugs on mitochondrial function, and discuss ramifications for future research

Inflammatory Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Invasive Breast Tumors Revealed Using a Fibrous Polymer Scaffold

Inflammation in cancer fuels metastasis and worsens prognosis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) present in the tumor stroma play a vital role in mediating the cascade of cancer inflammation that drives metastasis by enhancing angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and invasion. In vitro models that faithfully recapitulate CAF-mediated inflammation independent of coculturing with cancer cells are nonexistent. We have engineered fibrous matrices of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) that can maintain the manifold tumor-promoting properties of patient-derived CAFs, which would otherwise require repetitive isolation and complex coculturing with cancer cells. On these fibrous matrices, CAFs proliferated and remodeled the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a parallel-patterned manner mimicking the ECM of high-grade breast tumors and induced sternness in breast cancer cells. The response of the fibroblasts was observed to be sensitive to the scaffold architecture and not the polymer composition. The CAFs cultured on fibrous matrices exhibited increased activation of the NF-kappa B pathway and downstream proinflammatory gene expression compared to CAFs cultured on conventional two-dimensional (2D) dishes and secreted higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, GM-CSF, and MIP-3 alpha. Consistent with this, we observed increased infiltration of inflammatory cells to the tumor site and enhanced invasiveness of the tumor in vivo when tumor cells were injected admixed with CAFs grown on fibrous matrices. These data suggest that CAFs better retain their tumor-promoting proinflammatory properties on fibrous polymeric matrices, which could serve as a unique model to investigate the mechanisms of stroma-induced inflammation in cancer progression