Induced quasi-cocycles on groups with hyperbolically embedded subgroups

Let G be a group, H a hyperbolically embedded subgroup of G, V a normed G-module, U an H-invariant submodule of V. We propose a general construction which allows to extend 1-quasi-cocycles on H with values in U to 1-quasi-cocycles on G with values in V. As an application, we show that every group G with a non-degenerate hyperbolically embedded subgroup has dim H^2_b (G, l^p(G))=\infty for p\in [1, \infty). This covers many previously known results in a uniform way. Applying our extension to quasimorphisms and using Bavard duality, we also show that hyperbolically embedded subgroups are undistorted with respect to the stable commutator length.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure

Suppression of superconductivity by non-magnetic disorder in the organic superconductor (TMTSF)2(ClO4)(1-x)(ReO4)x

We present a study of the superconducting properties (Tc and Hc2) in the solid solution (TMTSF)2(ClO4)(1-x)(ReO4)x with a ReO-4 nominal concentration up to x = 6%. The dramatic suppression of Tc when the residual resistivity is increased upon alloying with no modification of the Fermi surface is the signature of non-conventional superconductivity . This behaviour strongly supports p or d wave pairing in quasi one dimensional organic superconductors. The determination of the electron lifetime in the normal state at low temperature confirms that a single particle Drude model is unable to explain the temperature dependence of the conductivity and that a very narrow zero frequency mode must be taken into account for the interpretation of the transport properties.Comment: Received 26 January 2004 / Received in final form 17 June 2004 / Published online 3 August 200

Organic Superconductors: when correlations and magnetism walk in

This survey provides a brief account for the start of organic superconductivity motivated by the quest for high Tc superconductors and its development since the eighties'. Besides superconductivity found in 1D organics in 1980, progresses in this field of research have contributed to better understand the physics of low dimensional conductors highlighted by the wealth of new remarkable properties. Correlations conspire to govern the low temperature properties of the metallic phase. The contribution of antiferromagnetic fluctuations to the interchain Cooper pairing proposed by the theory is borne out by experimental investigations and supports supercondutivity emerging from a non Fermi liquid background. Quasi one dimensional organic superconductors can therefore be considered as simple prototype systems for the more complex high Tc materials.Comment: 41 pages, 21 figures to be published in Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetis

A pan-European epidemiological study reveals honey bee colony survival depends on beekeeper education and disease control

Reports of honey bee population decline has spurred many national efforts to understand the extent of the problem and to identify causative or associated factors. However, our collective understanding of the factors has been hampered by a lack of joined up trans-national effort. Moreover, the impacts of beekeeper knowledge and beekeeping management practices have often been overlooked, despite honey bees being a managed pollinator. Here, we established a standardised active monitoring network for 5 798 apiaries over two consecutive years to quantify honey bee colony mortality across 17 European countries. Our data demonstrate that overwinter losses ranged between 2% and 32%, and that high summer losses were likely to follow high winter losses. Multivariate Poisson regression models revealed that hobbyist beekeepers with small apiaries and little experience in beekeeping had double the winter mortality rate when compared to professional beekeepers. Furthermore, honey bees kept by professional beekeepers never showed signs of disease, unlike apiaries from hobbyist beekeepers that had symptoms of bacterial infection and heavy Varroa infestation. Our data highlight beekeeper background and apicultural practices as major drivers of honey bee colony losses. The benefits of conducting trans-national monitoring schemes and improving beekeeper training are discussed

Simultaneous Delivery of Econazole, Terbinafine and Amorolfine with Improved Cutaneous Bioavailability: A Novel Micelle-Based Antifungal “Tri-Therapy”

Lack of accurate diagnosis and the use of formulations designed to address the poor aqueous solubility of antifungal agents, but not optimized for delivery, contribute to unsatisfactory outcomes for topical treatment of cutaneous mycoses. The objective of this study was to develop a micelle-based antifungal formulation containing econazole (ECZ), terbinafine (TBF) and amorolfine (AMF) using D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) for simultaneous cutaneous delivery of three agents with complementary mechanisms of action. The antifungal “tri-therapy” micelle-based formulation containing 0.1% ECZ, 0.1% TBF and 0.025% AMF had a drug loading 10-fold lower than the “reference” marketed formulations (Pevaryl®, 1% ECZ; Lamisil®, 1% TBF; Loceryl®, 0.25% AMF). Finite dose application of the micelle-based formulation for 6 h resulted in a statistically equivalent deposition of ECZ (p > 0.05) and TBF (p > 0.05) from the 2 systems, and a 2-fold higher accumulation of AMF (p = 0.017). Antifungal concentrations above MIC80 against Trichophyton rubrum were achieved in each skin layer with the “tri-therapy”, which also exhibited a preferential deposition of each antifungal agent in pilosebaceous unit (PSU)-containing biopsies as compared with PSU-free biopsies (p < 0.05). A planned clinical study will test whether these promising results translate to improved therapeutic outcomes in vivo