Učinak dodatka Lactobacillus sakei na prinos mlijeka, lipidni profil i oksidativni status krava u laktaciji

The aim of the study was to investigate if feeding with Lactobacillus sakei could be beneficial for dairy cows. For this purpose, twenty mid-lactation cows were randomly allocated into two groups: the control, which received standard food, and the test group, which received standard food with L. sakei supplementation (5.0*108 colony forming units of L. sakei per day) for a two month period. Before and after the experimental period milk production and serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) and oxidative markers (paraoxonase 1, total antioxidant capacity [TAC], total oxidant status [TOS], and oxidative stress index [OSI]) were evaluated. After the experimental period the control group showed very a mild, although significant decrease in serum triglycerides, while in the test group significant decreases in serum total cholesterol and TAC, and increases in triglycerides, TOS, and OSI were observed. The results of the present research indicate that L. sakei supplementation may not be beneficial for dairy cows, as alterations in lipid profile and increased oxidative stress were observed, without any increase in milk production.Cilj je ovog rada bio istražiti može li Lactobacillus sakei dodan u hranu poboljšati proizvodnju mlijeka u mliječnih krava. U tu je svrhu 20 krava u sredini laktacije nasumično bilo podijeljeno u dvije skupine: kontrolnu, koja je dobivala uobičajenu hranu i pokusnu, koja je dobivala uobičajenu hranu s dodatkom L. sakei (5,0x108 stanica L. sakei na dan). Pokus je trajao dva mjeseca. Prije i nakon pokusnog razdoblja promatrana je proizvodnja mlijeka i određivan lipidni profil (ukupni kolesterol, kolesterol visoke gustoće i trigliceridi) te oksidacijski biljezi (paraoksonaza 1, ukupni antioksidacijski kapacitet, ukupni oksidacijski status i indeks oksidacijskog stresa). Nakon pokusnog razdoblja kontrolna skupina pokazivala je blago, ali ipak signifikantno sniženje serumskih triglicerida, dok se u pokusne skupine značajno snizio ukupni kolesterol u serumu i ukupni antioksidacijski kapacitet, a povisili su se trigliceridi, vrijednosti ukupnog oksidacijskog statusa i indeks oksidacijskog stresa. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da dodatak L. sakei nije bio od koristi za mliječne krave s obzirom na to da su bile ustanovljene promjene u lipidnom profilu i povišenje oksidacijskog stresa bez povećane proizvodnje mlijek

European dog owner perceptions of obesity and factors associated with human and canine obesity

Abstract Obesity is a common nutrition-related disorder leading to reduced life expectancy in both humans and dogs. With the aim of identifying new prevention and control options, the study objectives were (1) to investigate dog-owner perceptions about obesity in terms of themselves and their dogs, and (2) to identify factors associated with obesity and possible social, environmental and economic drivers for its development in dog owners and their pets. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed across multiple countries. The questionnaire focused on human and canine obesity, associated factors and potential drivers, and was distributed online and in the form of hard copies among dog owners in 11 European countries. In total, 3,185 responses from ten countries were included in multivariable analyses. Between 19.1% and 48.8% of the dog owners reported to be overweight/obese. Owner-reported overweight/obesity in dogs ranged from 6.0% to 31.3% based on body condition score charts, and 31.8% to 69.4% based on body fat index charts. Common factors associated with obesity in owners and their dogs were age, gender and owners’ attitudes to diet and physical activity. Dog owners who did not consider obesity to be a disease were more likely to have obese dogs

The Impact of Teacher-Initiated Activities on Identifying and Verbalizing Ways of Metacognitive Monitoring and Control in Six-Year-Old Children

The qualitative research presented in this article attempts to show the impact of teacher-initiated activities on six-year-old children’s metacognitive monitoring and control abilities. The metacognitive model is discussed, research findings that substantiate the development of separate components of metacognitive regulation are analyzed, and the educational ways that promote metacognitive development in children are systematized. The outcomes of the research show that teacher-initiated activities stimulate and encourage children to find and apply more diverse ways of metacognitive monitoring and control. After teacher-initiated activities, the target group children demonstrated, identified, and verbalized the following ways of acting and learning that had not been noticed in their self-initiated activities in the area of metacognitive monitoring, namely, thinking while doing, modelling, acting by scheme/without a scheme, and activity by self-created strategies. In the area of metacognitive control, the children showed the ability to challenge themselves to do better than before, think and do as a continuous, unbroken control and implementation process, and control performance consistency

Concentration of lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G in cows milk in relation to health status of the udder, lactation and season

The aim of this study was to analyze an effect of udder health status, somatic cell count (SCC), stage and number of lactations, and different seasons on the concentration of lactoferrin (LF) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in quarter milk samples (n=120) from crossbreed (Lithuanian Black-and-White & Holstein) dairy cows. Quarter health status was based on SCC and microbiological analysis. The highest mean value of LF and IgG were observed in quarters with subclinical mastitis 0.1 ± 0.02 mg/ml and 0.41 ± 0.06 mg/ml, respectively. Grouping the data according to SCC revealed increased LF (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/ml as against 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and IgG values (0.27 ± 0.05 mg/ml as against 0.23 ± 0.02 mg/ml) in DQ (SCC from 201,000 ≥ 401,000 cells/ml) compared to HQ (SCC up to 200,000 cells/ml). The milk LF and IgG levels were effected by stage of lactation (p0.05) had no effect on these immunity components

Impact of a Diet Supplemented with Exoenzymes and Yeast on Predicted Circadian Rhythm of Reticulorumen pH

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Changes in food behavior during the first lockdown of COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country study about changes in eating habits, motivations, and food-related behaviors

AgriFood XXI I&D&I project NORTE01-0145-FEDER-000041.FCT_UIDB/05183/2020. FCT_UIDB/05748/2020. FCT_UIDB/04470/2020. FCT_UIDB/04007/2020.The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in severe, unprecedented changes affecting the world population. Restrictions in mobility, social distancing measures, and the persistent social alarm, during the first period of the pandemic, resulted in dramatic lifestyle changes and affected physical and psychological wellbeing on a global scale. An international research team was constituted to develop a study involving different countries about eating motivations, dietary habits, and behaviors related to food intake, acquisition, and preparation. This study presents results of an online survey, carried out during the first lockdown, in 2020, assessing food-related behavior and how people perceived them to change, comparatively to the period preceding the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 3332 responses, collected from 16 countries, were considered for analysis [72.8% in Europe, 12.8% in Africa, 2.2% in North America (USA), and 12.2% in South America]. Results suggest that the main motivations perceived to drive food intake were familiarity and liking. Two clusters were identified, based on food intake frequency, which was classified as “healthier” and “unhealthier”. The former was constituted by individuals with higher scholarly levels, to whom intake was more motivated by health, natural concerns, and weight control, and less by liking, pleasure or affect regulation. The second cluster was constituted by individuals with a higher proportion of males and intake more influenced by affect-related motivations. During this period, a generalized lower concern with the convenience attributes of foods was noted (namely, choice of processed products and fast-food meals), alongside an increase in time and efforts dedicated to home cooking. Understanding the main changes and their underlying motivations in a time of unprecedented crisis is of major importance, as it provides the scientific support that allows one to anticipate the implications for the future of the global food and nutrition system and, consequently, to take the appropriate action.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio