List of all included Urology apps.

<p>Complete list of all included apps, its availability and the participation of a HCP or a scientific Urology association. A complete assessment of all urology apps, including its description and information about its creators, is available as supporting information.</p><p>List of all included Urology apps.</p

Association between target audience and expert involvement.

<p>Association (assessed by Chi square test) between targeted audience and healthcare professional or urological association involvement in the app development.</p><p>Association between target audience and expert involvement.</p

Search methodology for Urology apps.

<p>From the initial 372 apps (Android = 250, iOS = 122), we excluded apps not available in English, not specific for Urology or that were only product advertisement, for a total of 150 Urology apps (n = 44 exclusively for iOS, n = 56 exclusively for Android and n = 50 available for both platforms).</p

Summary of descriptive statistics of Urology apps.

<p>Summary of descriptive statistics of Urology apps and information regarding their platform, target audience, developer type, app type, app category, cost and involvement of a healthcare professional or an urological society.</p><p>^aThe percentages frequency distributions are reported for nominal and ordinal variables</p><p>^bThe maximum, minimum, and mean values are presented for the actual price.</p><p>^cThe involvement of a healthcare professional was assumed if there was reference to an urologist, other medical doctors, pharmacists or specialist nurses in the app.</p><p>^dThe involvement of an Urology association was assumed if there was reference to an Urology association.</p><p>Summary of descriptive statistics of Urology apps.</p

Profiling of Antibody Production against Xenograft-released Proteins by Protein Microarrays Discovers Prostate Cancer Markers

This study describes a novel xenograft-based biomarker discovery platform and proves its usefulness in the discovery of serum markers for prostate cancer. By immunizing immuno-competent mice with serum from nude mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts, an antibody response against xenograft-derived antigens was elicited. By probing protein microarrays with serum from immunized mice, several prostate cancer-derived antigens were identified, of which a subset was successfully retrieved in serum from mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts and prevalidated in human serum samples of prostate cancer patients. Among the discovered and validated proteins were the members of the TAM receptor family (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK), ACY1, and PSMA1. In conclusion, this novel method allows for the identification of low abundant cancer-derived serum proteins, circumventing dynamic range and host-response issues in standard patient cohort proteomics comparisons

Profiling of Antibody Production against Xenograft-released Proteins by Protein Microarrays Discovers Prostate Cancer Markers

This study describes a novel xenograft-based biomarker discovery platform and proves its usefulness in the discovery of serum markers for prostate cancer. By immunizing immuno-competent mice with serum from nude mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts, an antibody response against xenograft-derived antigens was elicited. By probing protein microarrays with serum from immunized mice, several prostate cancer-derived antigens were identified, of which a subset was successfully retrieved in serum from mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts and prevalidated in human serum samples of prostate cancer patients. Among the discovered and validated proteins were the members of the TAM receptor family (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK), ACY1, and PSMA1. In conclusion, this novel method allows for the identification of low abundant cancer-derived serum proteins, circumventing dynamic range and host-response issues in standard patient cohort proteomics comparisons

Profiling of Antibody Production against Xenograft-released Proteins by Protein Microarrays Discovers Prostate Cancer Markers

This study describes a novel xenograft-based biomarker discovery platform and proves its usefulness in the discovery of serum markers for prostate cancer. By immunizing immuno-competent mice with serum from nude mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts, an antibody response against xenograft-derived antigens was elicited. By probing protein microarrays with serum from immunized mice, several prostate cancer-derived antigens were identified, of which a subset was successfully retrieved in serum from mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts and prevalidated in human serum samples of prostate cancer patients. Among the discovered and validated proteins were the members of the TAM receptor family (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK), ACY1, and PSMA1. In conclusion, this novel method allows for the identification of low abundant cancer-derived serum proteins, circumventing dynamic range and host-response issues in standard patient cohort proteomics comparisons

Profiling of Antibody Production against Xenograft-released Proteins by Protein Microarrays Discovers Prostate Cancer Markers

This study describes a novel xenograft-based biomarker discovery platform and proves its usefulness in the discovery of serum markers for prostate cancer. By immunizing immuno-competent mice with serum from nude mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts, an antibody response against xenograft-derived antigens was elicited. By probing protein microarrays with serum from immunized mice, several prostate cancer-derived antigens were identified, of which a subset was successfully retrieved in serum from mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts and prevalidated in human serum samples of prostate cancer patients. Among the discovered and validated proteins were the members of the TAM receptor family (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK), ACY1, and PSMA1. In conclusion, this novel method allows for the identification of low abundant cancer-derived serum proteins, circumventing dynamic range and host-response issues in standard patient cohort proteomics comparisons

Results of the microsatellite analysis of pre-TUR urine samples.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0043345#s3" target="_blank">Results</a> of the microsatellite analysis of pre-TUR urine samples.</p

Overview of the variation between allele ratios for different markers.

<p>On the Y-axis, the ratio between the two alleles is given. On the X-axis, the different microsatellite markers are listed. A. The boxplots show that some previously used markers have a large variation in their allele ratio based on an analysis of blood DNA samples from 50 individuals. B. Behavior of the 12 selected markers, indicating they have very little variation in their allele ratio when tested on normal blood and urine from healthy individuals. C. In primary tumor DNA the allele ratio is much more variable due to LOH/AI.</p