Descripción de la composición corporal, fuerza muscular y actividad física en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis en una unidad renal en Bogotá, Colombia

ResumenObjetivoDescribir la composición corporal, la fuerza muscular y el nivel de actividad física que realizan los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis en una unidad renal en Bogotá, Colombia.MétodoEstudio de corte transversal, en el que se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años que llevaban seis meses o más en un programa de hemodiálisis en la unidad renal del Hospital de San José. Se eligió el 25% de la población aleatoriamente. Se midió la composición corporal, fuerza del miembro superior dominante, actividad física y calidad de vida a través del instrumento SF-36 validado en Colombia.ResultadosSe incluyeron 82 pacientes, con una edad mediana de 61 años (rango intercuartil 51-69); la mayoría fueron hombres (54/82). Según MET/h, los pacientes fueron clasificados como sedentarios riesgosos (38/82), sedentarios no saludables (42/82) y saludables (2/82). El porcentaje de masa muscular fue menor en los pacientes sedentarios riesgosos que en los sedentarios no saludables, con un 10.3% (rango intercuartil 7.7-12.6) versus 12.5% (rango intercuartil 10.2-14.7). Respecto a la calidad de vida se halló una mediana global de 64 (rango intercuartil 52-72) en la dimensión mental y de 69 (rango intercuartil 49-79) en la dimensión física.ConclusiónLos pacientes en hemodiálisis estudiados tienen un peso adecuado para la talla, pero con menos masa muscular y fuerza muscular disminuida para la edad; el nivel de actividad física fue sedentario y la calidad de vida evaluada mostró una menor puntuación en el componente físico.AbstractObjectiveTo describe body composition, muscle strength and activity level in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis in a renal unit in Bogota, Colombia.MethodCross-sectional study, we included patients older than 18 years-old who were in a hemodialysis program for at least six months in the Renal Unit of the Hospital of San José. The sample was randomly selected from the 25% of the total hemodialysis population. We measured body composition, strength of dominant upper limb, physical activity and quality of life with the SF-36 instrument validated in Colombia.Results82 patients, median age was 61 years (interquartile range 51-69) were included; most were men (54/82). According to MET/h patients were classified as healthy (2/82), risky sedentary (38/82) and unhealthy sedentary (42/82). The percentage of muscle mass was lower in sedentary unhealthy group than in risky sedentary group, 10.3% (interquartile range 7.7-12.6) versus 12.5%(interquartile range 10.2-14.7). Regarding the quality of life we found an overall median of 64 points (interquartile range 52-72) in the mental dimension and 69 points (interquartile range 49-79) in the physical dimension.ConclusionHemodialysis patients had an appropriate weight for their height, but with less muscle mass and a decreased muscle strength for their age; the physical activity level recorded was sedentary and the quality of life showed a lower score on the physical component

Female Genital Mutilation: perceptions of healthcare professionals and the perspective of the migrant families

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a traditional practice which is harmful to health and is profoundly rooted in many Sub-Saharan African countries. It is estimated that between 100 and 140 million women around the world have been victims of some form of FGM and that each year 3 million girls are at risk of being submitted to these practices. As a consequence of the migratory phenomena, the problems associated with FGM have extended to the Western countries receiving the immigrants. The practice of FGM has repercussions on the physical, psychic, sexual and reproductive health of women, severely deteriorating their current and future quality of life. Primary healthcare professionals are in a privileged position to detect and prevent these situations of risk which will be increasingly more present in Spain.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>The objective of the study is to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the primary healthcare professionals, working in 25 health care centres in Barcelona and Girona regions, regarding FGM, as well as to investigate the perception of this subject among the migrant communities from countries with strong roots in these practices. A transversal descriptive study will be performed with a questionnaire to primary healthcare professionals and migrant healthcare users.</p> <p>Using a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, we will evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and skills of the healthcare professionals to approach this problem. In a sub-study, performed with a similar methodology but with the participation of cultural mediators, the perceptions of the migrant families in relation to their position and expectancies in view of the result of preventive interventions will be determined.</p> <p>Variables related to the socio-demographic aspects, knowledge of FGM (types, cultural origin, geographic distribution and ethnicity), evaluation of attitudes and beliefs towards FGM and previous contact or experience with cases or risk situations will be obtained.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Knowledge of these harmful practices and a preventive approach from a transcultural perspective may represent a positive intervention model for integrative care of immigrants, respecting their values and culture while also being effective in eliminating the physical and psychic consequences of FGM.</p