Problemas otorrinolaringológicos y trastornos del habla en los niños con síndrome de Down: fisiopatología, rasgos clínicos, tratamientos

El aumento de la esperanza de vida de las personas con síndrome de Down ha hecho que aparecieran varios procesos patológicos que antes se desconocían. Entre ellos, los problemas otorrinolaringológicos (ORL) ocupan un puesto importante por su elevada incidencia y, a veces, por su gravedad. El conocimiento preciso de la fisiopatología que está en la base de los trastornos ORL (Ia dismorfia facial, las anomalías de los oídos y de las vías respiratorias superiores y la inmunodeficiencia) ayuda a comprender las razones por las que se forma la obstrucción de las vías respiratorias superiores, el síndrome de la apnea obstructiva del sueño, la estenosis subglótica, la sordera, el retraso en el habla y las infecciones ORL que ocurren frecuentemente en estos niños. La exploración hecha tempranamente y el tratamiento específico pueden conseguir que se eviten algunas de las secuelas a largo plazo, o al menos que mejores su pronóstico. Con el fin de ayudar a los profesionales sanitarios en su trabajo diario, hacemos una serie de recomendaciones que les ayuden a desarrollar un plan base para el manejo de los problemas ORL en las personas con síndrome de Down

Molecular epidemiology of DFNB1 deafness in France

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the GJB2 gene have been established as a major cause of inherited non syndromic deafness in different populations. A high number of sequence variations have been described in the GJB2 gene and the associated pathogenic effects are not always clearly established. The prevalence of a number of mutations is known to be population specific, and therefore population specific testing should be a prerequisite step when molecular diagnosis is offered. Moreover, population studies are needed to determine the contribution of GJB2 variants to deafness. We present our findings from the molecular diagnostic screening of the GJB2 and GJB6 genes over a three year period, together with a population-based study of GJB2 variants. METHODS AND RESULTS: Molecular studies were performed using denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatograghy (DHPLC) and sequencing of the GJB2 gene. Over the last 3 years we have studied 159 families presenting sensorineural hearing loss, including 84 with non syndromic, stable, bilateral deafness. Thirty families were genotyped with causative mutations. In parallel, we have performed a molecular epidemiology study on more than 3000 dried blood spots and established the frequency of the GJB2 variants in our population. Finally, we have compared the prevalence of the variants in the hearing impaired population with the general population. CONCLUSION: Although a high heterogeneity of sequence variation was observed in patients and controls, the 35delG mutation remains the most common pathogenic mutation in our population. Genetic counseling is dependent on the knowledge of the pathogenicity of the mutations and remains difficult in a number of cases. By comparing the sequence variations observed in hearing impaired patients with those sequence variants observed in general population, from the same ethnic background, we show that the M34T, V37I and R127H variants can not be responsible for profound or severe deafness

Le pronostic otologique à long terme de 61 patients opérés d'une fente palatine à l'âge de trois mois

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Problemas otorrinolaringológicos y trastornos del habla en los niños con síndrome de Down: fisiopatología, rasgos clínicos, tratamientos

El aumento de la esperanza de vida de las personas con síndrome de Down ha hecho que aparecieran varios procesos patológicos que antes se desconocían. Entre ellos, los problemas otorrinolaringológicos (ORL) ocupan un puesto importante por su elevada incidencia y, a veces, por su gravedad. El conocimiento preciso de la fisiopatología que está en la base de los trastornos ORL (Ia dismorfia facial, las anomalías de los oídos y de las vías respiratorias superiores y la inmunodeficiencia) ayuda a comprender las razones por las que se forma la obstrucción de las vías respiratorias superiores, el síndrome de la apnea obstructiva del sueño, la estenosis subglótica, la sordera, el retraso en el habla y las infecciones ORL que ocurren frecuentemente en estos niños. La exploración hecha tempranamente y el tratamiento específico pueden conseguir que se eviten algunas de las secuelas a largo plazo, o al menos que mejores su pronóstico. Con el fin de ayudar a los profesionales sanitarios en su trabajo diario, hacemos una serie de recomendaciones que les ayuden a desarrollar un plan base para el manejo de los problemas ORL en las personas con síndrome de Down

Authors’ response to the Letter concerning “Tracheal injury complicating Sistrunk's thyroglossal cyst surgery”

International audienc

Comparison of echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging and delayed postcontrast T1-weighted MR imaging for the detection of residual cholesteatoma.

International audienceBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and delayed postcontrast T1-weighted MR imaging (DPI) have been proposed in previous studies to detect residual middle ear cholesteatomas, with varying results. We assessed and compared these 2 techniques in patients with canal wall-up tympanoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. Patients who underwent surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma had CT scanning 9 months after the surgery. If opacity was observed (64%) on CT scans, DWI and DPI were performed before second-look surgery. CT, MR imaging, and surgical data were available for 31 patients. Charts were reviewed independently by 3 blinded examiners. Interobserver agreement for MR imaging was calculated (Cohen kappa). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for these techniques: 1) alone or in association, and 2) according to the residual cholesteatoma size measured during surgery. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was better for DWI (kappa = 0.81) than for DPI (kappa = 0.51). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV values were 60%, 72.73%, 80%, and 50%, respectively, with DWI; and 90%, 54.55%, 78.26%, and 75%, respectively, with DPI. With cholesteatomas >5 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of DWI reached 100% and 88%, respectively, with values for DPI reaching 100% and 80%, respectively. The association of both techniques only allowed improvements in the specificity for lesions >5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques gave acceptable results for residual cholesteatoma detection. DWI is more specific but less sensitive than DPI. Their concurrent use may benefit patients by avoiding undue surgery

Medium-term assessment of Eustachian tube function after balloon dilation

International audienceThere is at present no consensus on the treatment of obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction. In case of failure of well-conducted drug and pressure therapy, some authors recommend balloon dilation; the present study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Eustachian tube balloon dilation

Refining the audiological assessment in children using narrow-band CE-Chirp-evoked auditory steady state responses

International audienceOBJECTIVE:To demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of simultaneous binaural recording of auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) in young children using narrow-band CE-Chirps as stimuli.DESIGN:Prospective cohort study comparing ASSR thresholds to four frequency stimuli (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz), with click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and behavioral response audiometry.STUDY SAMPLE:Thirty-two young children (mean age 7.4 ± 5.2 months) referred for auditory assessment were evaluated.RESULTS:The mean duration for ABR recordings was 13.3 ± 7.2 min versus 22.9 ± 15.8 min for ASSR (p < 0.01). ASSR (means of 2 and 4 kHz thresholds) were highly correlated with ABR thresholds (R2 = 0.935, p < 0.001), though significantly different (3 ± 10.7 dB, p = 0.02). ASSR (means of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz thresholds) were highly correlated with mean behavioral response audiometry thresholds (R2 = 0.968, p < 0.001). ASSRs were highly and significantly correlated with behavioral response audiometry at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz (R2 = 0.845, 0.907, 0.929, and 0.859 respectively, p < 0.001). 87.5% and 90.7% ASSR thresholds were within a ± 10 dB range around their corresponding ABR and mean behavioral response audiometry thresholds.CONCLUSIONS:Narrow-band CE-Chirps allow a fast and reliable assessment of auditory thresholds in children, especially in the low-frequency range, by comparison with other stimuli