Injuries in Athletic Club players: growth and maturation as potential risk factors.

281 p.Los objetivos de esta tesis fueron (1) describir la epidemiología de los equipos del Athletic Club, (2) analizar el crecimiento y maduración como factores de riesgo y (3) comparar los métodos para estimar el estado madurativo. Esta tesis estudió los datos recogidos en los jugadores del Athletic Club en las temporadas 1997-2022 (lesiones, antropometría y edad ósea). Los resultados demostraron que las lesiones de rodilla tienen un mayor impacto en los equipos femeninos. Además, las lesiones de crecimiento tuvieron un mayor impacto en las categorías cercanas al pico de crecimiento (PHV); es decir, entre U13-U16. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo relacionados con el crecimiento y maduración, los resultados demostraron que el estado madurativo (pre-, circa-, post-PHV, adulto), timing madurativo (precoz, normal, tardío) y velocidad de crecimiento y del PHV (rápido, normal, lento) afectan en el riesgo de lesión. En cuanto al estado madurativo, las lesiones de crecimiento tuvieron un mayor impacto en circa-PHV, mientras que las lesiones musculares y articulares/ligamentosas tuvieron un mayor impacto en post-PHV y especialmente, en adultos. En los jugadores con un timing tardío el riesgo de sufrir lesiones de crecimiento y articulares/ligamentosas en pre-PHV fue menor en comparación con los maduradores normales. Además, el riesgo de lesiones articulares/ligamentosas de rodilla fue mayor en los tardíos adultos que en los maduradores precoces. En cuanto a la velocidad de crecimiento y PHV, las lesiones de crecimiento tuvieron un mayor impacto en los jugadores con un crecimiento rápido. Finalmente, los resultados de esta tesis demostraron que la evaluación visual de curvas incompletas hecha por un evaluador con experiencia es el mejor método para clasificar los jugadores como pre-, circa- o post-PHV.ABSTRACTThe main aims of this thesis were to (1) describe Athletic Club¿s teams¿ epidemiology, (2) study growth and maturation as injury risk factors and (3) compare methods to estimate maturity status. For this purpose, data recorded in Athletic Club in 1997-2022 seasons was analysed (injury, skeletal age, and anthropometrical data). Results showed that knee joint/ligament injuries had a higher impact in women¿s teams, while growth-related injuries had a higher impact in categories around peak height velocity (PHV) (U13-U16). Concerning growth- and maturity-related risk factors, results showed that maturity status (pre-, circa-, post-PHV, adults), maturity timing (early, on-time, late) and growth-velocity and PHV (quick, average, slow) affected injury risk. Regarding maturity status, the impact of growth-related injuries was higher in circa-PHV, while muscle and joint/ligament injuries had a higher impact in post-PHV and, specially, adults. Late maturers had a reduced risk for growth-related injuries in pre-PHV compared to on-time maturers. Further, adult late maturers had a higher risk for knee joint/ligament injuries compared to early maturing adults. Besides, players with quick growth velocity or PHV had a higher growth-related injury risk. Finally, our results showed that visual evaluation of incomplete growth curves by an expert assessor was the best method to classify players as pre-, circa- or post-PHV

Effect of Baduanjin on physical functioning and balance in adults with mild-to-moderate intellectual disabilities: A comparative study

Background Adults with intellectual disabilities often experience mobility limitations. Baduanjin, a mindfulness-based exercise intervention, can exert positive effects on functional mobility and balance. This study examined the impact of Baduanjin on physical functioning and balance of adults with intellectual disabilities. Method Twenty-nine adults with intellectual disabilities participated in the study. Eighteen received a Baduanjin intervention for 9-months; 11 participants did not receive any intervention (comparison group). Physical functioning and balance were assessed using the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and stabilometry. Results Participants in the Baduanjin group experienced significant changes in the SPPB walking test (p = .042), chair stand test (p = .015), and SPPB summary score (p = .010). No significant changes between groups were observed in any of the variables assessed at the end of the intervention. Conclusions Baduanjin practice may cause significant, albeit small, improvements in physical functioning of adults with intellectual disabilities.The authors would like to acknowledge the staff and participants from Lantegi Batuak for their assistance and willingness to be part of the study. This study was facilitated by an agreement between the regional Government Diputación Foral de Bizkaia/Bizkaiko Foru Aldundia (Departamento de Acción Social/Gizarte Ekintza Saila) and Lantegi Batuak

Hazkundea, heltzea eta lesioak gizonezkoen goi-mailako futbolari gazteetan

Injuries are very frequent in elite male football academies and have a negative impact on players’ development and health. Thus, identifying injury risk factors is vital. According to recent research, growth and maturity are related with injury occurrence. Nonetheless, the effects are not clear and results are controversial. In this article, we explain the main concepts of growth and maturity and their possible relationship with injury epidemiology.; Lesioak oso ohikoak dira gizonezkoen goi-mailako futbol taldeetan, eta jokalarien garapenean eta osasunean ondorio negatiboak dituzte. Hori dela eta, futbolarien lesioetan eragina izan dezaketen arrisku-faktoreak identifikatzea ezinbestekoa da. Azken urteotan egindako ikerketen arabera, hazkundeak eta heltzeak lesioen agerpenarekin erlazioa dutela aztertu arren, eragina ez dago guztiz argi eta kontraesanak daude. Lan honetan, hazkundearen eta heltzearen kontzeptu nagusiak laburbildu eta horien eta lesioen arteko harreman posibleak azaltzen dira