Improvement of lipid profile and antioxidant of hypercholesterolemic albino rats by polysaccharides extracted from the green alga Ulva lactuca Linnaeus

AbstractSulfated polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca were extracted in hot water and precipitated by ethanol then orally gavaged to rats fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet for 21 days to evaluate the antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant actions. Atorvastatine Ca (Lipitor) was used as a reference drug. The intragastric administration of U. lactuca extract to hypercholesterolemic rats caused significant decrease of serum total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and vLDL-cholesterol levels. Whereas, HDL-cholesterol concentration was markedly increased by 180%. Aqueous extract showed a significant ameliorative action on elevated atherogenic index, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities of hypercholesterolemic group. Furthermore, serum activities of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase were also improved. High fat diet intake caused a highly significantly elevated serum urea, creatinine concentration. These effects were reversed by oral administration of U. lactuca extract. Sulfates polysaccharides extract of U. lactuca ameliorate hepatic enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione & total thiol) antioxidant defenses and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. In conclusion, the tested U. lactuca polysaccharides extract has potent hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects in experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemic animal model

CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM PULICARIA UNDULATA

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant activities and structure-activity relationship of secondary metabolites isolated from Pulicaria undulata.Methods: The methylene chloride-methanol (1:1) extract of the air-dried aerial parts of Pulicaria undulata was fractionated and separated to obtain the isolated compounds by different chromatographic techniques. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of the extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and compared with the literature data. The crude extract and the isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using the 2,2 diphenyl dipicryl hydrazine (DPPH) method and cytotoxic assay using human breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line.Results: Nine secondary metabolites were isolated from Pulicaria undulata in this study. Of which two terpenoidal compounds; 8-epi-ivalbin and 11β, 13-dihydro-4H-xanthalongin 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside firstly isolated from the genus pulicaria and three flavonoids; eupatolitin, 6-methoxykaempferol, and patulitrin firstly isolated from P. undulata. 6-methoxykaempferol (IC50 2.3 µg/ml) showed the most potent antioxidant activity. The highest cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 and Hep G2 cells was obtained with eupatolitin (IC50 27.6 and 23.5 µg/ml) respectively. The structure-activity relationship was also examined and the findings presented here showed that 3, 5, 7, 4' and 3, 5, 4', 5'-hydroxy flavonoids were potent antioxidant and has cytotoxic activity.Conclusion: Pulicaria undulata is a promising medicinal plant, and our study tends to support the therapeutic value of this plant as antioxidant drug and in the treatment of cancer

<i>Garcinia cambogia</i> phenolics as potent anti-COVID-19 agents:phytochemical profiling, biological activities, and molecular docking

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and became a pandemic in a critically short time. Phenolic secondary metabolites attracted much attention from the pharmaceutical industries for their easily accessible natural sources and proven antiviral activity. In our mission, a metabolomics study of the Garcinia cambogia Roxb. fruit rind was performed using LC-HRESIMS to investigate its chemical profile, especially the polar aspects, followed by a detailed phytochemical analysis, which led to the isolation of eight known compounds. Using spectrometric techniques, the isolated compounds were identified as quercetin, amentoflavone, vitexin, rutin, naringin, catechin, p-coumaric, and gallic acids. The antiviral activities of the isolated compounds were investigated using two assays; the 3CL-Mpro enzyme showed that naringin had a potent effect with IC50 16.62 &mu;g/mL, followed by catechin and gallic acid (IC50 26.2, 30.35 &mu;g/mL, respectively), while the direct antiviral inhibition effect of naringin confirmed the potency with an EC50 of 0.0169 &mu;M. To show the molecular interaction, in situ molecular docking was carried out using a COVID-19 protease enzyme. Both biological effects and docking studies showed the hydrophobic interactions with Gln 189 or Glu 166, per the predicated binding pose of the isolated naringin

Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Activities of Euphorbia Greenwayi var. Greenwayi Bally & S. Carter

The interest in many traditional natural products is increasing. Natural products continue producing bioactive agents owing to the remarkable available chemical diversity. They were evaluated as prospective therapeutic candidates for the treatment of human and animal infectious diseases. Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, holds a significant place in the domain of plant families, with scientific evidence of antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, cytotoxic and antitumor properties. In this regard, the current study intends to investigate the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxic properties of Euphorbia greenwayi var. greenwayi Bally & S. Carter. The dried aerial parts of E. greenwayi var. greenwayi Bally & S. Carter were used, then extracted with 70% ethanol, solvent was distilled off till dryness. The antimicrobial activity of the extract and both MIC and MBC were evaluated against one strain of Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC9144; four strains of Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC10031, Escherichia coli ATCC10536, Salmonella typhi ATCC14028, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027and yeast: Candida albicans ATCC10231. The antiviral activity of hydroalcoholic extract against Rotavirus infection was determined as well as the cytotoxic properties. The antibacterial examination revealed potential activity of the hydroalcoholic extract against all tested species with the inhibition zone ranged from 14.7 to 29.7 mm. The highest activity was against S. aureus and C. albicans. MIC and MBC results proved that the extract is potentially bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against the tested yeast. Also, the extract has the ability to prevent Rotavirus attachment with the cell host. This research revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of E. greenwayi var. greenwayi Bally & S. Carter has significant antimicrobial potential that can be implemented in different pharmaceutical formulations

Bioassay-guided isolation, metabolic profiling, and docking studies of hyaluronidase inhibitors from Ravenala madagascariensis

Hyaluronidase enzyme (HAase) has a role in the dissolution or disintegration of hyaluronic acid (HA) and in maintaining the heathy state of skin. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Ravenala madagascariensis (Sonn.) organ extracts (leaf, flower, stem, and root) testing for hyaluronidase inhibition was performed followed by metabolic profiling using LC&ndash;HRMS. Additionally, a hyaluronidase docking study was achieved using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). Results showed that the crude hydroalcoholic (70% EtOH) extract of the leaves as well as its n-butanol (n-BuOH) partition showed higher HAase activity with 64.3% inhibition. Metabolic analysis of R. madagascariensis resulted in the identification of 19 phenolic compounds ranging from different chemical classes (flavone glycosides, flavonol glycosides, and flavanol aglycones). Bioassay-guided purification of the leaf n-BuOH partition led to the isolation of seven compounds that were identified as narcissin, rutin, epiafzelechin, epicatechin, isorhamnetin 7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin-7-O-rutinoside. The docking study showed that narcissin, rutin, and quercetin 3-O-glucoside all interact with HAase through hydrogen bonding with the Asp111, Gln271, and/or Glu113 residues. Our results highlight Ravenala madagascariensis and its flavonoids as promising hyaluronidase inhibitors in natural cosmetology preparations for skin care

Attenuation of Smad, Wnt and E2F Signaling by Egyptian Riverhemp Triterpenes in Leukemia Cells

Presenter: Ospanov Meirambekhttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/pharm_annual_posters_2021/1012/thumbnail.jp

Abl Kinase Inhibitors from Egyptian Spinach Leaves in the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Presenter: Ospanov Meirambekhttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/pharm_annual_posters_2021/1013/thumbnail.jp