IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ENCAPSULATED PROBIOTIC BACTERIA SUPPLEMENTATION TO RUMINANT RATIONS

The aim of this study was to in vitro evaluate encapsulated probiotic supplementation to ruminant rationson degradation and fermentation parameters. The ration consisted of 40% alfalfa hay and 60% concentrate feed mixture. Encapsulated and not encapsulated probiotic were supplemented with level of 106cfu/kg of the total dry matter of ration (DM) and compared with encapsulation media (Sodium Alginate, SA) and control (not supplemented ration). DM and OM degradation and total gas production as well as fermentation parameters of the incubated samples were determined after 24 h of fermentation. Significant (P<0.01) increases in in-vitro DM degradability was observed for the experimental ration supplemented with encapsulated or not encapsulated probiotics at levels (106 CFU/ kg DM) and SA treatment compared to control ration. Also, significant (P<0.05) improvement in OM degradability was recorded for the ration supplemented with not encapsulated probiotics bacteria compared to the other treatments. Moreover no significant differences were observed between the control ration and the rations supplemented with encapsulated probiotics or SA only, as well as no significant difference was recorded between the ration supplemented with encapsulated probiotics and the ration supplemented with SA only. Probiotics bacteria supple mentation in the form of not encapsulated probiotic resulted significant increases in in vitro total gas production per sample and per g DM, OM, dDM, NDF and ADF after 24 hours incubation period compared to the other experimental rations (control, encapsulated probiotic and SA). While significant increase in total gas production per g dOM was observed for not encapsulated probiotic compared to encapsulated probiotic only. It could be concluded that, using encapsulated probiotics bacteria had no significant effect on DM degradability and may be induce decrease in gas production and fermentation parameters

Biochemical alterations in insecticides-treated male albino rats: potential modulatory effects of a standardized aged garlic extract

181-188Pesticides poisoning is a major clinical problem worldwide. Malathion (an organophosphate insecticide) and carbaryl (a carbamate insecticide) are widely used and pose a potential health hazard for both humans and animals. They are common insecticides residue found in food, especially in developing countries. Here, we investigated some biochemical alterations related to dyslipidemia, tissue injury and the impairment in liver and kidney functions in male albino rats treated with 0.1 LD50 of malathion (89.5 mg/kg body weight) and/or carbaryl (33.9 mg/kg body weight), as well as, evaluated the potential modulatory effects of 200 mg/kg body weight of a standardized odorless (free from allicin) Kyolic aged garlic extract (AGE, containing 0.147 % of its major active constituent S-allylcysteine) on the resulted toxicity. Doses were orally administered to animals for four consecutive weeks. The present study showed that AGE significantly alleviated (P < 0.05-0.001) most insecticides toxicity in rats through modulating the body-weight loss and hepatomegaly, blood dyslipidemia and the elevation in atherogenic indices, blood hyperbilirubinemia, hyperglycemia and hypoalbuminemia, the impairment in kidney function (by decreasing renal insecticides residue), and oxidative liver damage (by augmenting hepatic glutathione antioxidant-system). Thus, AGE may be useful as a dietary adjunct in highly vulnerable subjects to insecticides intoxication