65 research outputs found

    Operating Model of Knowledge Quantum Engineering for Decision-Making in Conditions of Indeterminacy

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    The operating model of knowledge quantum engineering for identification and prognostic decision- making in conditions of Ξ±-indeterminacy is suggested in the article. The synthesized operating model solves three basic tasks: Аt-task to formalize tk-knowledge; Π’t-task to recognize (identify) objects according to observed results; Π‘t-task to extrapolate (prognosticate) the observed results. Operating derivation of identification and prognostic decisions using authentic different-level algorithmic knowledge quantum (using tRAKZ-method) assumes synthesis of authentic knowledge quantum database (BtkZ) using induction operator as a system of implicative laws, and then using deduction operator according to the observed tk-knowledge and BtkZ a derivation of identification or prognostic decisions in a form of new tk-knowledge

    E-Support for English Language Course to Enhance University Students’ Learning.

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    The peculiarities of English language teaching for students at higher educational establishment using some elements of distance learning, developed by the author, are described in this article. The results of students’ questioning, received at the end of the experimental teaching, are suggested and analyzed. The conclusions are formulated and the further ways of teaching English with e-support are outlined

    Remote Development of Distance Course Using Virtual Learning Space β€˜Web-Class Khpi’

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    An approach to a specialized website creation – club of distance courses authors – on the basis of Virtual Learning Space β€œWeb-Class KhPI” is implemented and suggested in the article

    Spatial distribution of temperature during geomagnetic disturbances

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    We propose an index of efficiency of the solar activity effect on the tropospheric temperature, which takes into account the spatial irregularity of the response to this effect. As a proxy of solar activity we take the PC index of geomagnetic activity, designed to monitor the geomagnetic field at high latitudes. Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, we carry out a comparative analysis of variations in the proposed index and lower-troposphere temperature variations during geomagnetic disturbances. We identify the presence of a high degree of correlation between the temperature in the 925–700 hPa layer and the proposed index of solar activity effect. The spatio-temporal analysis of the index and temperature variations shows that the index of effi-ciency of the solar activity effect describes well both the value and the sign of the observed variations in the spa-tial distribution of the lower-troposphere temperature as compared to the frequently used index of geomagnetic activity

    Impact of Short-Term Exogenous Shocks on Taxpayer Behavior and Tax Evasion

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    The evolution of views on tax evasion following the introduction of limited rationality and social and psychological factors into the models of taxpayer behavior has increased the plausibility of the initial assumptions of the models, but it has made it difficult to use classical approaches based on the search for equilibrium states. The variety of behavioral responses of taxpayers due to the many factors that influence their choice has led to the fact that tax evasion has come to be considered as the result of nonlinear and dynamic interactions between the state and taxpayers. In such models, small short-term external influences can act as shocks, which leads to the emergence of a wide range of different long-term trends, the analysis of which within the framework of traditional approaches is difficult. In this regard, the purpose of this review study is to study the evolution of views on the behavior of taxpayers that has led to the emergence of new approaches to modeling tax evasion where the key role is assigned to the analysis of the impact of external shocks of various scales and nature. The research hypothesis is that modern approaches to the study of tax evasion problems make it necessary to consider the interaction of the state and taxpayers within the framework of the theory of non-equilibrium and nonlinear systems in which minor external influences can play the role of shocks, and the most promising direction of their study is the use of agent-based modeling tools. The results of the study confirm that the use of agent-based models is a promising approach for integrating existing approaches in the study of tax evasion processes. The proposed concept of building an agent-based model for analyzing the processes of tax evasion allows us to answer the question of how short-term exogenous shocks will affect the preferences of taxpayers, taking into account their individual characteristics and accepted behavioral patterns in society.Π­Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΡ взглядов Π½Π° ΡƒΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², связанная с Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ повСдСния Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ психологичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², повысила Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исходных прСдпосылок, Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° использованиС классичСских ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², основанных Π½Π° поискС равновСсных состояний. Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ повСдСнчСских Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² вслСдствиС мноТСства Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² стало Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ динамичСских взаимодСйствий ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ государством ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… модСлях нСбольшиС краткосрочныС внСшниС воздСйствия ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ шоков, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ приводят ΠΊ возникновСнию ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ спСктра Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… долгосрочных Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ², Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½. Π’ этой связи Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ взглядов Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊ возникновСнию Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ уклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ отводится Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ влияния Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΡˆΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… воздСйствий Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π° ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° исслСдования, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ соврСмСнныС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ уклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ рассмотрСниС взаимодСйствия государства ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ нСравновСсных ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ внСшниС воздСйствия ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ шоков, Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ пСрспСктивным Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ… изучСния являСтся использованиС инструмСнтария Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлирования. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ использованиС Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ являСтся пСрспСктивных инструмСнтом для ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ процСссов уклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ концСпция построСния Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ для Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° процСссов уклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² позволяСт ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° вопрос ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ краткосрочныС экзогСнныС шоки Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° прСдпочтСния Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… характСристик ΠΈ принятых Π² общСствС стСрСотипах повСдСния.Π­Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΡ взглядов Π½Π° ΡƒΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², связанная с Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ повСдСния Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ психологичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², повысила Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исходных прСдпосылок, Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° использованиС классичСских ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², основанных Π½Π° поискС равновСсных состояний. Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ повСдСнчСских Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² вслСдствиС мноТСства Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² стало Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ динамичСских взаимодСйствий ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ государством ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… модСлях нСбольшиС краткосрочныС внСшниС воздСйствия ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ шоков, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ приводят ΠΊ возникновСнию ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ спСктра Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… долгосрочных Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ², Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½. Π’ этой связи Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ взглядов Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊ возникновСнию Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ уклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ отводится Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ влияния Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΡˆΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… воздСйствий Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π° ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° исслСдования, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ соврСмСнныС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ уклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ рассмотрСниС взаимодСйствия государства ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ нСравновСсных ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ внСшниС воздСйствия ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ шоков, Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ пСрспСктивным Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ… изучСния являСтся использованиС инструмСнтария Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлирования. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ использованиС Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ являСтся пСрспСктивных инструмСнтом для ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ процСссов уклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ концСпция построСния Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ для Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° процСссов уклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² позволяСт ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° вопрос ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ краткосрочныС экзогСнныС шоки Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° прСдпочтСния Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… характСристик ΠΈ принятых Π² общСствС стСрСотипах повСдСния.The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-110-50108.ИсслСдованиС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ финансовой ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ РЀЀИ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° β„– 20-110-50108

    The Influence of the Behavior of Economic Agents in a Decentralized Tax System on the Ransformation of the Institutional Environment

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    The transformation of the current tax system requires taking into account different types of behavior of taxpayers, characterized by different reaction to the actions of the state in the process of realization of control functions. The aim of the study is to develop a model of optimal strategy selection for the taxpayer to overcome institutional traps and assess the potential of the national tax system to move to a new qualitative level of development. The methodological basis for the study was provided by the background of the neoclassical theory describing the traditional paradigm of tax administration that is integrated into behavioral economics, which allowed us to consider relationships within the tax system as a situation of a social dilemma with individual interests. The proposed model is based on the mathematical apparatus of game theory with nature, the modeling of the mechanism of overcoming institutional traps in the tax system carried out with regard to their functional properties on the basis of the law of hierarchic compensations and the concept of path dependence. The simulation results show that maximizing the state’s control functions of the tax system leads to the fact that an increase in its efficiency is possible only through an extensive growth of regulatory bodies. The optimal policy would be a partial replacement of the control functions of the state with coordination executed by autonomous self-organizing groups of taxpayers that formed as a result of the growth of entropy of the tax system. One can change the forms of tax control as regards the implementation of procedures of β€œhorizontal monitoring” of β€œfair play initiatives”, loyalty and trust through the introduction of strategies of cooperation between taxpayers and the regulatory authorities. It is important to note that taking into account present-day specifics of the existing relationships and the accumulated negative experience of cooperation in the tax area did not provide enough prerequisites and incentives for taxpayers to fully and timely to pay legally established taxes. Therefore, it is necessary to use a combined approach which is based on a cooperative strategy of self-regulation, and - as an exceptional measure - to use tough sanctions in order to counter deviant behaviour.Врансформация Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ систСмы Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² повСдСния Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° дСйствия государства Π² процСссС Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. ЦСлью исслСдования являСтся Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стратСгии Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠ° для прСодолСния ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡˆΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ возмоТности ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ систСмы Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ качСствСнный ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ развития. Π’ качСствС мСтодологичСской основы ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ прСдпосылки нСоклассичСской Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΡƒ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ администрирования, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ с повСдСнчСской экономикой, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ систСмС ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ с ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ интСрСсами. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ модСль основана Π½Π° матСматичСском Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° прСодолСния ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡˆΠ΅ΠΊ Π² Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ систСмС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… свойств Π½Π° основС использования Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° иСрархичСских компСнсаций ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Β«path dependencyΒ». Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ модСлирования Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ максимизация ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ систСмы со стороны государства ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ уровня Π΅Π΅ эффСктивности Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π·Π° счСт экстСнсивного роста ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стратСгиСй являСтся частичная Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ государства Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ роста энтропии Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ систСмы Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π’ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контроля Π² части внСдрСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ Β«Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Β» Β«Ρ„Π΅ΠΉΡ€-ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Β», ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ довСрия Π·Π° счСт внСдрСния стратСгий сотрудничСства Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ соврСмСнной спСцифики ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° взаимодСйствия Π² Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ сфСрС отсутствуСт достаточно прСдпосылок для ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ внСдрСния ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контроля. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ использованиС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² основС ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ коопСративная стратСгия саморСгулирования, Π° Π² качСствС ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ТСсткиС санкции с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ противодСйствия Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ модСлям повСдСния.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ финансовой ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Российского Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ β„–17-32-01024/17-ΠžΠ“ΠžΠ

    БоблюдСниС Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стратСгии повСдСния экономичСских Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²

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    Анализ стратСгий повСдСния Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² части соблюдСния Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ослаблСния исходных классичСских Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ экономичСских Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ систСмы. ЦСлью исслСдования являСтся ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ повСдСния Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² условиях трансформации ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контроля. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ исслСдования основана Π½Π° синтСзС нСоклассичСской ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ прСдпосылках повСдСнчСской экономики, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ уклонСния ΠΎΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ взаимодСйствия экономичСских Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмС с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… интСрСсов. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ модСлирования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ уТСсточСниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контроля ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ влияСт Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ взаимодСйствия Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ росту вСроятности Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ повСдСния. Π’ этом случаС рост эффСктивности систСмы Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ администрирования, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² максимизации Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π°, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π·Π° счСт экстСнсивного развития ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контроля. ΠžΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стратСгиСй повСдСния государства являСтся использованиС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ основан Π½Π° частичной Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡŽ взаимодСйствия ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ сфСры для сниТСния СстСствСнного уровня ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° Π² качСствС ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ТСсткиС санкции с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ противодСйствия Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ модСлям повСдСния. Π’ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ измСнСния ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ ΠΈ стСрСотипов повСдСния, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ качСство измСнСния ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ срСды.The strategy analysis of taxpayer behavior while observing tax law requires weakening of traditional initial assumptions in order to take into account the subjective character of economic agents’ reaction to tax system changes. The aim of the given research is to identify the appropriate model of taxpayers’ behavior in conditions of the tax control procedures transformation. The research methodology is based on the synthesis of the neo-classical concept of individual’s rational choice, and on the assumptions of behavioral economics, which allowed considering the problem of tax evasion as the situation of social interaction among economic agents in decentralized system by taking into account their individual interests. The results of modeling demonstrated that tightening tax surveillance procedures undermines the coordination of interaction among autonomous tax groups. It leads to the growth of the possibility to select deviant behavior models. In this case the growth of tax management system efficiency expresses in budget income maximization, and is possible only by means of the extensive development of tax control procedures. The optimal strategy of the government behavior is using multimodal approach based on the partial replacement of control function for the cooperative strategy of tax subjects’ interaction to reduce the natural taxpayer opportunism rate. And as an exceptional measure the harsh sanctions aimed to resist the deviant models of behavior are used. In this case the optimal choice for a taxpayer will depend additionally on the changes of social norms and stereotypes of behavior that characterize the quality of the institutional environment changes.ИсслСдованиС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ финансовой ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Российского Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований (РЀЀИ) (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ β„– 17-32-01024/17)Work was prepared with financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) (project No. 17-32-01024/17

    Pancreatic toxicity of influenza A/H1N1-California virus infection in mice at the background of hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin administration

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    Particular attention in the study of comorbid conditions is paid to viral diseases, in particular, those caused by the pandemic influenza virus type A subtype H1N1, as one of the most pathogenic and contagious. Investigation of the effect of this virus in the development of diabetes mellitus will make it possible to more effectively carry out preclinical studies to find the most effective methods of treating a viral infection against the background of a pre-existing somatic pathology. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the pancreatic toxicity effect of exposure to influenza A/H1N1-California virus in the development of streptozotocin diabetes in DBA/2 and BALB/c mice. Material and methods. Groups of mice DBA/2 (n = 36) and BALB/c (n = 58) were formed: infected with influenza A/H1N1-California virus (at different doses); with the introduction of a solution of streptozotocin at a dose of 150 mg / kg; with the combined use of agents. Life expectancy, blood glucose and insulin level, pathomorphological changes in the pancreas were assessed. Results and discussion. The death of animals was observed only in mice of the DBA/2 line: with the introduction of streptozotocin – 12.5 %, with intranasal infection with the virus (at a dose of 5.7 lg TCID50) – 80 %, with combined exposure – 78 %. A comparative study of mice of the DBA/2 and BALB/c lines showed the possibility of using mice of both lines to study the combined effect of influenza A/H1N1 virus and experimental diabetes, taking into account the dose of infection. Infection of BALB/c mice caused the formation of morphological changes only in the exocrine part of the pancreas. In mice of both lines, after the administration of streptozotocin, persistent hyperglycemia was formed, and pathomorphological changes in the pancreas were recorded mainly in the endocrine part. Similar changes in the pancreas, but more severe, involving the exocrine zone, were found during subsequent infection: in mice of the DBA/2 line in the form of a focal disorder of the acinar structure with degeneration of acinocytes and a compensatory regenerative reaction of cells in intact areas; in mice of the BALB/c line in the form of more significant damage to the ductal system than in DBA/2 with the formation of powerful periductal fibrosis and mononuclear infiltrates. Conclusions. A comparative study showed that DBA/2 mice had more pronounced changes in both the exocrine and endocrine apparatus of the pancreas when infected with influenza A/H1N1-California virus and experimental diabetes mellitus
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