ACCUMULATION STUDIES AT SPECIFIC SAMPLING AREAS OF THE ACTIVE FLOODPLAIN IN THE UPPER-TISZA REGION

In this paper the rate of accumulation was studied along four VO floodplain cross sections of the UpperTisza region between 1974 and 2014. VO floodplain cross sections are based on a mapping base-point grid (established in 1890), and they are located a few kilometers from each other. Furthermore, the roughness changes of different surface types, crossed by the VO floodplain cross-sections, were also determined between 1965 and 2015. The accumulation studies were extended to include the accumulation rates of the cut off meanders located along and/or close to the VO cross-sections. The roughness values increased in all four floodplain VO cross-sections since 1965; in two of them it reached or approximated 100 %. The average accumulation along the VO cross-sections was between 28 and 47 cm (0.73–1.23 cm/year) during the 38-year period. However, its areal distribution showed large differences. The highest values (169–309 cm, i.e. 4.44–8.13 cm/year) were found at the lowest points of the cut off meanders and swales in every case. The accumulation rate of the examined three cut off meanders near the floodplain cross-sections (140 and 1570 meters from the river bed) was lower (0.84–2.5 cm/year), but the study period was significantly longer (154 and 161 years, respectively). Comparing the values of the two periods, it is obvious that the accumulation of the active floodplain accelerates, presumably due to the significant increase of surface roughness

Galanin hatása a vazopresszin kiválasztásra patkányba

The 29 amino acid-containing galanin isolated from the porcine intestine is known to play a significant role in the regulation of the function of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. The basal vasopressin concentration was examined, and also those vasopressin levels following osmotic and non-osmotic stimuli after centrally administered galanin. The effects of rat, porcine and human galanin and the human galanin 1-16 fragment on vasopressin release were studied. Finally, the question was investigated of whether the galanin receptor antagonist galantid (M15) was able to prevent the vasopressin level changes induced by galanin. Galanin administered intravenously did not influence the vasopressin excretion. After the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of galanin, the vasopressin level decreased and the enhancement of the plasma vasopressin concentration following intraperitoneal 2.5% NaCI solution or histamine administration was significantly moderated. There was no essential difference in the vasopressin release effects of rat, porcine and human galanins. The human galanin 1-16 fragment proved to be active as concerns vasopressin regulation. Galantid administered i.c.v. before the galanin injection prevented all of the vasopressin- responsive effects of galanin. The results indicate that galaninergic control is of great importance in the regulation of vasopressin secretion

Második generációs antihisztaminok biztonságosságának összehasonlító vizsgálata földi és barokamrában szimulált repülési környezetben = Comparison of second generations of antihistamines in terms of safety at ground level and at 4.000 m simulated in an altitude chamber

A népbetegséggé vált allergiás nátha, valamint a kezelésében alkalmazott antihisztaminok lehetséges mellékhatásaként létrejövő álmosság és kognitív funkció csökkenés komoly probléma a közlekedésben – különösképpen a professzionális repülésben – résztvevők és a biztonsági szempontból kritikus munkakörökben dolgozók számára. Mára rendelkezünk földi körülmények között terápiás dózisban alkalmazva a napi aktivitást a szedáció szempontjából nem befolyásoló antihisztaminokkal. A dolgozatban bemutatott vizsgálat annak megismerését célozta, hogy a repülés során további körülményként, a magasságtól függően a szervezetben hypoxiás alkalózist okozó hypobáriás hypoxia ezt a biztonságosságot rontja-e? A vizsgálat randomizált, placebo kontrollált, kettős vak, keresztezett módon 33 önkéntes, egészséges felnőttön, földfelszínen, illetve szimulált 4000 méteres magasságnak megfelelő körülmények között hasonlította össze a cetirizin és a bilasztin hatását a rövid távú memóriára, a megosztott figyelemre és a monotóniatűrésre, valamint a résztvevők önértékeléssel mért éberségi szintjére. Az adatokat paraméteres és nem-paraméteres statisztikai eljárásokkal, továbbá sztochasztikus szimulációval kerültek feldolgozásra. = Antihistamines are the primary compounds for treating allergic rhinitis, an endemic illness today. However, their most important known side-effect may be sedation, a severe problem in persons employed in transport – especially professional flight personnel – and personnel in safety-critical jobs. Antihistamines applied in therapeutic doses at ground level are already available today, non-sedative for daily activities. �e test presented in this study was to determine whether hypoxic alkalosis caused by hypobaric hypoxia, a further condition arising in flight, is deteriorating this safety, depending on the altitude. A randomiz ed, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study is presented, in which the effect of the therapeutic dose of bilastine was compared to cetirizine (active control) and placebo (passive control) in 33 volunteering healthy adults at ground level and an altitude of 4000 m simulated in a hypobaric chamber. Cognitive functions, ultra-short visual memory, combined divided attention and monotony tolerance of the subjects were monitored. �e data were analyzed by parametric and non-parametric statistical procedures and stochastic simulation. Bilastine did not impair tested abilities compared to the control groups under hypobaric hypoxia at the simulated altitude of 4000 meters, i.e. its safety was retained. �erefore, bilastin could be recommended for the flight crew. As to cetirizine, only one parameter pointed to a weaker performance at ground level; however, the 4.000 m simulated altitude already demonstrated impaired results with regards to all parameters without subjectively experiencing these phenomena. Some parts of this article have been already published in: Reményi Á, et al.: Comparative study of the effect of bilastine and cetirizine on cognitive functions at ground level and at an altitude of 4,000 m simulated in hypobaric chamber: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Expert Opin Drug Safety, 2018, 17: 859–867

Búzakorpa, valamint két egytényezős probiotikum etetése nem befolyásolta a termelési paramétereket, azonban megváltoztatta a bél egyes paramétereit brojlercsirkék esetében

The effects of a single strain lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) (Lactobacillus farciminis 5x109 CFU/kg) and a single strain butyric acid producing bacteria (BAB) (Clostridium butyricum 2.5x109 CFU/kg) with or without wheat bran supplementation (WB), were investigated on the production traits and on several gut characteristics of broiler chickens. In total, 576 male Ross 308 day-old chickens were divided into 24 floor pens and fed a corn-soybean based control diet (C) and five other probiotic or wheat bran supplemented diets (LAB, BAB, LAB+WB, BAB+WB, C+WB) in 4 replicates. The wheat bran content of the starter, grower and finisher diets were 3, 6 and 6%, respectively. During the 37 day long fattening period, growth rate, feed intake were recorded and feed conversion was calculated. At the end of the trial, 8 chickens per treatment were slaughtered and the following parameters investigated: trypsin, lipase and amylase activity of the jejunal chyme, ileal histomorphology and Lactobacillus load. None of the treatments resulted significant differences in the production traits (P>0.1). BAB supplementation tended to decrease digestive enzyme activity. Feeding WB in all combination increased crypt depth (P=0.002), ileal muscle layer thickness (P=0.001) and decreased the villi: crypt ratio (P=0.037) in the ileum.Kutatásunk során egy tejsavtermelő (LAB) (Lactobacillus farciminis 5x109 CFU/kg) és egy vajsavtermelő baktériumtörzset tartalmazó (BAB) (Clostridium butyricum 2.5x109 CFU/kg) probiotikum készítmény hatását vizsgáltunk önmagában, valamint búzakorpa kiegészítéssel (WB) a termelési paraméterekre és a bél néhány morfológiai tulajdonságára baromfi esetében. Ennek során 576 Ross 308 típusú napos kakast osztottunk hat kezelési csoportra, 4 ismétlésben, csoportonként 24 állatot beállítva, kukorica alapú tápot alkalmazva (C, LAB, BAB, LAB+WB, BAB+WB, C+WB). Az indító, nevelő és befejező táp búzakorpa tartalma 3, 6 and 6% volt. A 37 napos nevelés alatt mértük a csirkék testtömeg-gyarapodását, takarmányfogyasztását és kiszámításra került a takarmányértékesítés. A hízlalást követően kezelésenként 8 állat került levágásra, majd az alábbi paraméterek vizsgálatára került sor: tripszin, lipáz és amiláz aktivitás a jejunumból, ileális hisztomorfológiai paramáterek és ileális Lactobacillus szám. Egyik kezelés sem eredményezett szignifikáns különbségeket a termelési paraméterekben (P>0.1). A BAB kezelés tendenciálisan csökkentette az emésztőenzim aktivitást. A búzakorpa kiegészítés hatására minden kombinációban nőtt az ileális kriptamélység (P=0.002), az izomvastagság (P=0.001) és csökkent a boholy-kripta arány (P=0.037)

Unique patterns of CD8+ T-cell-mediated organ damage in the Act-mOVA/OT-I model of acute graft-versus-host disease.

T-cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic models of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) offer a straightforward and highly controlled approach to study the mechanisms and consequences of T-cell activation following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). Here, we report that aHSCT involving OT-I mice as donors, carrying an ovalbumin-specific CD8+ TCR, and Act-mOVA mice as recipients, expressing membrane-bound ovalbumin driven by the β-actin promoter, induces lethal aGvHD in a CD8+ T-cell-dependent, highly reproducible manner, within 4-7 days. Tracking of UBC-GFP/OT-I graft CD8+ T cells disclosed heavy infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lungs at the onset of the disease, and histology confirmed hallmark features of gastrointestinal aGVHD, hepatic aGvHD, and aGvHD-associated lymphocytic bronchitis in infiltrated organs. However, T-cell infiltration was virtually absent in the skin, a key target organ of human aGvHD, and histology confirmed the absence of cutaneous aGVHD, as well. We show that the model allows studying CD8+ T-cell responses in situ, as selective recovery of graft CD45.1/OT-I CD8+ T cells from target organs is simple and feasible by automated tissue dissociation and subsequent cell sorting. Assessment of interferon-gamma production by flow cytometry, granzyme-B release by ELISA, TREC assay, and whole-genome gene expression profiling confirmed that isolated graft CD8+ T cells remained intact, underwent clonal expansion, and exerted effector functions in all affected tissues. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the OT-I/Act-mOVA model is suitable to study the CD8+ T-cell-mediated effector mechanisms in a disease closely resembling fatal human gastrointestinal and hepatic aGVHD that may develop after aHSCT using HLA-matched unrelated donors

Effects of butyrate on the insulin homeostasis of chickens kept on maize- or wheat-based diets

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of butyrate as a feed supplement on the expression of insulin signalling proteins as potent regulators of metabolism and growth in Ross 308 broiler chickens fed maize- or wheat-based diets. Both diets were supplemented with non-protected butyrate (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg of diet, respectively) or with protected butyrate (0.2 g/kg of diet); the diet of the control groups was prepared without any additives (control). On day 42 of life, systemic blood samples were drawn for analyses of glucose and insulin concentrations, and tissue samples (liver, gastrocnemius muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue) were taken for Western blotting examinations. The expression of key insulin signalling proteins (IRβ, PKCζ and mTOR) was assessed by semiquantitative Western blotting from the tissues mentioned. The type of diet had a remarkable influence on the insulin homeostasis of chickens. The wheat-based diet significantly increased IRβ and mTOR expression in the liver as well as mTOR and PKCζ expression in the adipose tissue when compared to animals kept on a maize-based diet. IRβ expression in the liver was stimulated by the lower dose of non-protected butyrate as well, suggesting the potential of butyrate as a feed additive to affect insulin sensitivity. Based on the results obtained, the present study shows new aspects of nutritional factors by comparing the special effects of butyrate as a feed additive and those of the cereal type, presumably in association with dietary non-starch polysaccharide- (NSP-) driven enteric shortchain fatty acid release including butyrate, influencing insulin homeostasis in chickens. As the tissues of chickens have physiologically lower insulin sensitivity compared to mammals, diet-associated induction of the insulin signalling pathway can be of special importance in improving growth and metabolic health