The Effects Caffeine has on a 3-minute Rowing Test

Research question: Does a relative amount of caffeine (2 mg/kg) increase the distance 18-24-year-olds are able to row if implemented 1 hour prior to a 5-minute rowing test when compared to no caffeine? The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of caffeine on 5-minute rowing distance in 18–24-year-olds. According to Grgic et. al (2020), caffeine ingestion of doses of 6 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg significantly improved 2000-meter rowing ergometer by approximately 4 seconds (i.e., caffeine ingestions reduced the time needed to complete the distance). According to Del Coso et. al (2012), during this study the caffeine beverage was ingested 60 minutes prior to exercise and resulted in an increased maximal exercise by 4% when 6 mg/kg of caffeine was ingested compared to 1 mg/kg. Also, this study found that 6 mg/kg of caffeine ingestion improved knee extensor muscle strength and cycling power production because of a higher voluntary contraction (central effects). According to Gutierrez-Hellin et. al (2020), the group that exercised without the caffeine from ingesting the energy drink completed fewer reps compared to those who ingested 3-6 mg/kg of caffeine.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/exercise-science-research-proposal-posters/1126/thumbnail.jp

Excessive Post- Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) Following a Twenty-Minute Submaximal Cycle Test

According to McArdle et al. (2015), Excessive Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) computes the total oxygen consumed in recovery minus the total oxygen consumed at rest during the recovery period. According to McArdle et al. (2015), VO2 mL/kg/min is defined as maximal oxygen consumption. According to McArdle et al. (2015), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed under rest and steady-state conditions with little reliance on anaerobic metabolism. According to Dr. et al. (2004), EPOC is also known as O2 deficit and was used as a measure of anaerobic metabolism during exercise. According to McArdle et al. (2015), there are two forms that are used to help determine EPOC for exercise and recovery: active recovery and passive recovery. Active recovery is defined as ‘cooling down’ or ‘tapering off’ and passive recovery is where an individual usually lies down presuming that total inactivity reduces the resting energy requirements and thus ‘frees’ oxygen to fuel the recovery process (McArdle et al., 2015). During this study, the individual performed a passive recovery. V̇O2 is the maximal oxygen consumption that an individual utilizes during an intense exercise (McArdle et al., 2015). Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute which is based on the number of contractions of the ventricles. Pulmonary Ventilation (VE) describes the process of moving and exchanging ambient air with air in the lungs (McArdle et al., 2015). The purpose of this study was to determine if EPOC could be assessed in a 20–32-year-old college student 10 minutes after a sub max cycling test is performed. It was hypothesized that EPOC can be assessed 10 minutes after a submaximal cycle test is performed.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/exercise-science-research-proposal-posters/1138/thumbnail.jp

Siler City, North Carolina, Chatham County : an action-oriented community diagnosis : findings and next steps of action

This document is the final report on an action-oriented community diagnosis (AOCD) of Siler City, North Carolina. The AOCD was conducted by a team of five graduate students from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Public Health between October of 2003 and May of 2004. The assessment was aimed at identifying the strengths and needs of the Siler City community according to service providers and community members. To better understand Siler City, our team first examined secondary data about Siler City’s history, demographics, economics, education, and health outcomes. After being approved by the School of Public Health’s Institutional Review Board (IRB), we conducted qualitative, key informant interviews with service providers and community members to listen to assets and concerns important to them. Because several assessments have been conducted in Siler City in recent years, we asked interviewees about their general concerns and then asked about issues that had been identified as salient in previous years to learn about how these issues had changed since the previous assessments. In total, we conducted 14 service provider interviews and 15 community member interviews. After analyzing secondary and primary data, our team organized the results into themes. Identified themes included lack of affordable and well-maintained housing, prevalence of crime, lack of good jobs, lack of recreation, lack of transportation, improving relationships between different community groups, lack of access to health care, emerging health concerns, and the controversial role of research in the community. Service providers and community members held similar views on most of these issues. Once themes were identified, we held a Community Forum on April 26, 2004, to present the findings to the service providers and community members of Siler City. The forum was well-attended by community members and service providers of Siler City and focused on discussion of priority issues and development of action steps. It is our hope that this document will be of use to those concerned about the health and quality of life of people living in Siler City.Master of Public Healt

Cognitive impairment from early to middle adulthood in patients with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders

Background.—Cognitive impairment is a core feature of psychotic disorders, but the profile of impairment across adulthood, particularly in African-American populations, remains unclear. Methods.—Using cross-sectional data from a case–control study of African-American adults with affective (n = 59) and nonaffective (n = 68) psychotic disorders, we examined cognitive functioning between early and middle adulthood (ages 20–60) on measures of general cognitive ability, language, abstract reasoning, processing speed, executive function, verbal memory, and working memory. Results.—Both affective and nonaffective psychosis patients showed substantial and widespread cognitive impairments. However, comparison of cognitive functioning between controls and psychosis groups throughout early (ages 20–40) and middle (ages 40–60) adulthood also revealed age-associated group differences. During early adulthood, the nonaffective psychosis group showed increasing impairments with age on measures of general cognitive ability and executive function, while the affective psychosis group showed increasing impairment on a measure of language ability. Impairments on other cognitive measures remained mostly stable, although decreasing impairments on measures of processing speed, memory and working memory were also observed. Conclusions.—These findings suggest similarities, but also differences in the profile of cognitive dysfunction in adults with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders. Both affective and nonaffective patients showed substantial and relatively stable impairments across adulthood. The nonaffective group also showed increasing impairments with age in general and executiv

Collage Concert 2021

An exciting highlight of each season, Collage is the signature annual production of the School of Music. All proceeds and donations support student scholarships. This unique production features over 200 student and faculty performers. The featured highlighted ensembles include jazz, orchestra, choir, band, percussion, opera, chamber groups, and much more. This year, Collage is free and you may live-stream the event from the comfort of your home.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/2368/thumbnail.jp

A lineage-specific Exo70 is required for receptor kinase–mediated immunity in barley

In the evolution of land plants, the plant immune system has experienced expansion in immune receptor and signaling pathways. Lineage-specific expansions have been observed in diverse gene families that are potentially involved in immunity but lack causal association. Here, we show that Rps8-mediated resistance in barley to the pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (wheat stripe rust) is conferred by a genetic module: Pur1 and Exo70FX12, which are together necessary and sufficient. Pur1 encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase and is the ortholog of rice Xa21, and Exo70FX12 belongs to the Poales-specific Exo70FX clade. The Exo70FX clade emerged after the divergence of the Bromeliaceae and Poaceae and comprises from 2 to 75 members in sequenced grasses. These results demonstrate the requirement of a lineage-specific Exo70FX12 in Pur1-mediated immunity and suggest that the Exo70FX clade may have evolved a specialized role in receptor kinase signaling

Rapid automatized naming as an index of genetic liability to autism

This study investigated rapid automatized naming (RAN) ability in high functioning individuals with autism and parents of individuals with autism. Findings revealed parallel patterns of performance in parents and individuals with autism, where both groups had longer naming times than controls. Significant parent-child correlations were also detected, along with associations with language and personality features of the broad autism phenotype (retrospective reports of early language delay, socially reticent personality). Together, findings point towards RAN as a potential marker of genetic liability to autism

The Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Study II: rationale, design and methods

This paper presents the rationale, design, and methods of the Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Study II (POTS II), which investigates two different cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) augmentation approaches in children and adolescents who have experienced a partial response to pharmacotherapy with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor for OCD. The two CBT approaches test a "single doctor" versus "dual doctor" model of service delivery. A specific goal was to develop and test an easily disseminated protocol whereby child psychiatrists would provide instructions in core CBT procedures recommended for pediatric OCD (e.g., hierarchy development, in vivo exposure homework) during routine medical management of OCD (I-CBT). The conventional "dual doctor" CBT protocol consists of 14 visits over 12 weeks involving: (1) psychoeducation, (2), cognitive training, (3) mapping OCD, and (4) exposure with response prevention (EX/RP). I-CBT is a 7-session version of CBT that does not include imaginal exposure or therapist-assisted EX/RP. In this study, we compared 12 weeks of medication management (MM) provided by a study psychiatrist (MM only) with two types of CBT augmentation: (1) the dual doctor model (MM+CBT); and (2) the single doctor model (MM+I-CBT). The design balanced elements of an efficacy study (e.g., random assignment, independent ratings) with effectiveness research aims (e.g., differences in specific SRI medications, dosages, treatment providers). The study is wrapping up recruitment of 140 youth ages 7–17 with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Independent evaluators (IEs) rated participants at weeks 0,4,8, and 12 during acute treatment and at 3,6, and 12 month follow-up visits