101 research outputs found
The submerged structure and stratal architecture of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) caldera, offshore the Campi Flegrei, (Eastern Tyrrhenian Margin): new insights from high resolution seismics and gravity core data
The Campi Flegrei is an active volcanic area defined by a
quasi-circular depression that covers some 200 km2 of the coastal
zone of SW Italy, a large part of which develops off the Naples
(Pozzuoli) Bay (Fig. 1). The area has been active at least since 60
ka BP ( Pappalardo et al., 1999), and is structurally dominated by a
caldera, 6 km in diameter, associated with the eruption of the
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT), a 40 km3 Dense Rock Equivalent
(DRE) ignimbrite (Scarpati et al., 1993) dated at ca 15 ka BP
(Deino et al., 2004), that covered the district now occupied by the
city of Naples, the Campi Flegrei and a large area of the
continental shelf off the Pozzuoli Bay.
The volcanological evolution of the NYT caldera as been long
described on the basis of outcrop and subsurface studies onland
(Rosi & Sbrana, 1987; Orsi et al., 1996, 2004 and references
therein; Di Vito et al., 1999; Perrotta et al., 2006; Fedele et al.,
2011), but its offshore morphology, detailed structure and recent
stratigraphic setting are still poorly understood.
In this study we integrate geological and geophysical data of
different resolution/penetration obtained from high-resolution
reflection seismic profiles (Sparker and Chirp source) with gravity
core and swath bathymetry to better constrain the shallow
structure, stratigraphic architecture and latest Quaternary to
Holocene evolution of the submerged sector of the NYT caldera
off the Pozzuoli Bay.
Our data clearly image, for the first time, the offshore geometry
of the NYT caldera ring-fault zone, as well as the style and timing
of volcano-tectonic deformation associated with the late stage
evolution of the NYT inner caldera resurgence. Our interpretation
suggests that since 15 ka the offshore sector of NYT inner caldera
underwent significant deformation and uplift (with minor
subsidence episodes) that occurred at almost the same rate as the
post-glacial sea-level rise. Particularly, the inner Pozzuoli Bay
started to deform soon after 15 ka BP, when sea-level rise was
initially faster than uplift. This caused a general increase of the
accommodation space that was progressively filled up by
volcaniclastic sediments. Since ca. 8 ka BP, along with the mid
Holocene decrease in the rate of the sea-level rise, the early NYT
resurgent structure was then uplifted up to the sea-level or even to
partial subaerial exposure. From ca. 8 to 5 ka BP two distinct
layers of volcaniclastic resediments, mostly represented by gravity
flow deposits, formed throughout the Bay. A significant post-
Roman (post 2 ka BP) subsidence phase of ca 10 m is then
recorded offshore Pozzuoli by the drowning of the infralittoral
prograding wedge below the present-day fair-weather wave base.
REFERENCES
Deino AL, Orsi G, de Vita S, Piochi M (2004) The age of the Neapolitan Yellow
Tuff caldera-forming eruption (Campi Flegrei caldera—Italy) assessed by
40Ar/39Ar dating method. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 133, 157–170.
Di Vito M., Isaia R., Orsi G., Southon J., de Vita S., D’Antonio M., Pappalardo
L., Piochi M., 1999. Volcanism and deformation since 12,000 years at the
Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 91 (2-4), 221-246.
Fedele L., Insinga D.D., Calvert A.T., Morra V., Perrotta A., Scarpati C., 2011.
40Ar/39Ar dating of tuff vents in the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy):
toward a new chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the Holocene volcanic
activity. Bull. Volcanol. 73, 1323-1336.
Orsi G, de Vita S, Di Vito M, 1996. The restless, resurgent Campi Flegrei nested
caldera (Italy): constraints on its evolution and configuration. J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res. 74, 179–214.
Orsi G., Di Vito M.A. Isaia R., 2004. Volcanic hazard assessment at the restless
Campi Flegrei caldera. Bull. Volcanol. 66, 514–530.
Pappalardo L., Civetta L., D’Antonio M., Deino A., Di Vito M., Orsi G.,
Carandente A., de Vita S., Isaia R. & Piochi M., 1999. Chemical and Srisotopical
evolution of the Phlegrean magmatic system before the Campanian
Ignimbrite and the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff eruptions J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res. 91, 141-166.
Perrotta A., Scarpati C., Luongo G., Morra V., 2006. The Campi Flegrei caldera
boundary in the city of Naples. In: De Vivo B (ed) Volcanism in the
Campania Plain: Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ignimbrites. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 85–96 (in the series Developments in Volcanology, 9)
Scarpati C., Cole P., & Perrotta A., 1993. The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff- A large
volume multiphase eruption from Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy. Bull.
Volcan. 55, 343-35
The use of documentary sources for reconstructing flood chronologies on the Amalfi rocky coast (southern Italy)
Documentary source materials are essential for retrospective reconstruction of flood events occurring in past centuries. This paper presents methods of research and archiving of historical data from the 16th century to the present. The quality and completeness of the various original sources were evaluated and carefully analysed in their historical context, to avoid serious mistakes. Systematic investigation of about 3000 documents, mainly found in national State Archives and libraries, allows us to identify and localize at least 106 flood events occurring along the Amalfi coast (southern Italy) for five centuries between the years 1500 and 2000. The collected data provide useful details on flood dynamics, size of flooded areas, flood duration, damage level, number of victims and induced geological effects. When available in sufficient quantity, the flood data allow determination of very useful parameters such as the severity class, to identify large floods and their recurrence interval
Architettura stratigrafica ed evoluzione del Golfo di Pozzuoli negli ultimi 15 ka:una nuova prospettiva sulla caldera del Tufo Giallo Napoletano,Campi Flegrei, margine tirrenico orientale.
I Campi Flegrei rappresentano un distretto vulcanico attivo che si sviluppa al confine tra il settore emerso
e sommerso del margine continentale campano. Il distretto vulcanico occupa una superficie di circa 200 km2,
è strutturalmente dominato da una caldera di collasso del diametro di circa 8 km formatasi in seguito
all’eruzione del Tufo Giallo Napoletano (TGN), un deposito ignimbritico del volume di 30-50 km3 Dense
Rock Equivalent, datato a 15 ka B.P. circa, ed è attivo da almeno 78 ka B.P circa.
L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è di ricostruire l’architettura stratigrafica e l’evoluzione vulcanotettonica
tardo-Quaternaria del sistema caldera di collasso - faglia anulare - risorgenza intra-calderica del settore
sommerso della caldera del TGN. A tal fine è stata analizzata una fitta maglia di profili sismici a riflessione
monocanale di alta (Sparker) ed altissima (Subbottom Chirp) risoluzione. I dati sismici sono stati
successivamente integrati sia con quelli ottenuti dall’analisi di carotaggi a gravità e batimetrici multibeam
che con quelli disponibili in letteratura e, nell’insieme, analizzati in ambiente GIS.
I nuovi dati indicano che il settore interno dell’area collassata a seguito dell’eruzione del TGN evolve
inizialmente in condizioni di mare basso. L’area intra-calderica viene successivamente interessata dalla
formazione di una struttura antiforme (risorgenza intra-calderica) il cui tasso di sollevamento è stato
comparabile con l’innalzamento eustatico nell’intervallo Pleistocene superiore – Olocene [Lambeck et al.,
2011]. A circa 10 ka B.P. il settore centrale della struttura risorgente raggiunge l’esposizione subaerea
(terrazzo morfologico de “La Starza”).
La calibrazione dei profili sismici Chirp con markers tefro-stratigrafici riconosciuti in un carotaggio e
datati al 1538 A.D., 79 A.D. indica l’instaurarsi di un periodo di subsidenza in epoca post-Romana, registrato
dall’annegamento di 10-25 m del cuneo di progradazione infralittorale rispetto alle profondità di equilibrio
funzionale attualmente segnalate in area Mediterranea. L’interpretazione sismostratigrafica rivela, inoltre, la
presenza di fluidi che risalgono attraverso la zona di faglia anulare che delimita la caldera del TGN.
Bibliografia
Lambeck, K., Antonioli, F., Anzidei, M., Ferranti, L., Leoni, G., Scicchitano, G., Silenzi, S., (2011). Sea
level change along the Italian coast during the holocene and projections for the future. Quaternary
International, 232, 250-257
Seismic expression of the shallow structure of The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) caldera offshore the Campi Flegrei
In this study we integrate high-resolution swath bathymetry, single-channel reflection seismic data and gravity core
data, to provide new insights into the shallow structure and latest Quaternary to Holocene evolution of the submerged
sector of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) caldera (Campi Flegrei) in the Pozzuoli Bay. The new data allow for a
reconstruction of the offshore geometry of the NYT caldera collapse \u2013 ring fault system, along with the style and timing
of deformation of the inner caldera resurgence.
Our interpretation shows that the NYT eruption (~15 ka BP) was associated with a caldera collapse bounded by an
inward-dipping ring fault system. The ring fault system consists in a 1-2 km wide fault zone that encircles an inner
caldera region ~ 5 km in diameter and is often marked by the occurrence of pore fluids ascending through the fault
zone, up to the seafloor, particularly in the western sector of the bay. A shallow magmatic intrusion along the ring fault
zone was also detected offshore Bagnoli in the eastern part of the Pozzuoli Bay (Sacchi et al., 2014).
Following the NYT eruption, the inner caldera region underwent significant deformation and resurgence with a
maximum cumulative uplift of the offshore structure in the order of 180 m. The net uplift rate of the caldera resurgent
dome was ~ 9 - 12 mm/year during the period 15.0 \u2013 6.6 ka BP. The style of deformation of the resurgent structure can
be described in terms of a broad doming, accompanied by subordinate brittle deformation, mostly concentrated in a
small apical graben at the summit of the resurgent dome (Cole et al., 2005).
Chronostratigraphic calibration of seismic profiles obtained by three tephra layers cored in the Pozzuoli Bay
indicates 5 to 25 m of post-Roman differential subsidence and tilting towards ESE of the inner caldera resurgence, as
recorded by the drowning of the infralittoral prograding wedge below the present-day storm wave base
The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera offshore the Campi Flegrei: Stratal architecture and kinematic reconstruction during the last 15 ky
In this study we integrate high-resolution swath bathymetry, single channel reflection seismic data and gravity
core data, to provide new insights into the shallow structure and latest Quaternary to Holocene evolution of
the submerged sector of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) caldera (Campi Flegrei) in the Pozzuoli Bay. The
new data allow for a reconstruction of the offshore geometry of the NYT caldera collapse\u2013ring fault system,
along with the style and timing of deformation of the inner caldera resurgence.
Our interpretation shows that the NYT eruption (~15 ka BP) was associated with a caldera collapse bounded by
an inward-dipping ring fault system. The ring fault system consists in a 1\u20132 km wide fault zone that encircles an
inner caldera region ~5 km in diameter and is often marked by the occurrence of pore fluids ascending through
the fault zone, up to the seafloor, particularly in the western sector of the bay. A shallow magmatic intrusion
along the ring fault zone was also detected offshore Bagnoli in the eastern part of the Pozzuoli Bay.
Following the NYT eruption, the inner caldera region underwent significant deformation and resurgence with a
maximum cumulative uplift of the offshore structure in the order of 180 m. The net uplift rate of the caldera
resurgent dome was ~9\u201312 mm/year during the period 15.0\u20136.6 ka BP. The style of deformation of the resurgent
structure can be described in terms of a broad doming, accompanied by subordinate brittle deformation, mostly
concentrated in a small apical graben at the summit of the resurgent dome.
Chronostratigraphic calibration of seismic profiles obtained by three tephra layers cored in the Pozzuoli Bay indicates
5 to 25 m of post-Roman differential subsidence and tilting towards ESE of the inner caldera resurgence,
as recorded by the drowning of the infralittoral prograding wedge below the present-day storm wave base
Flood Historical Data for Flood Risk Estimation in Coastal Areas, Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy
A reconstruction of historical floods occurred along the Amalfi coast, during the last five
7 centuries is presented. The analysis of historical sources allowed to achieve a chronological
8 reconstruction of more than 100 floods, four of which classified as catastrophic events. In this
9 task, the level of information was decisive to carry out space–time identification, estimate the
10 affected area and define the type of damage to the structures, and the environment (e.g. mud
11 flow, debris flow, rock falls, shoreline progradation, fan deltas), which may be relevant for the
12 recognition of similar events within the geologic record. The magnitude of the events was
13 finally estimated, taking into account the size of the areas affected by flooding as well as the
14 type of effects induced on the urban and physical environment and the recurrence intervals
The composite dataset of the present-day Infralittoral Prograding Wedges (IPWs) in the inner continental shelf of the Campania region (Central-Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea)
This article reports on the dataset gathered following the census of 83 present-day Infralittoral Prograding Wedges (IPWs), surveyed on the inner continental shelf of the Central-Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea. The purpose of the census was to explore their bathymetric range and assess the observational laws governing this variability. The ensued dataset (Campania Region IPW Dataset, CRID) includes geographic, topographic and morpho-bathymetric indices, descriptive of each IPW and more, the exposure of each IPW to wave forcing (Geographical fetch, Effective fetch and extreme significant wave height, HS). In this work, histograms contribute to describe all the variables and highlight the dominant features of each IPW. Location maps univocally links the geographic position of each IPW to the appropriate attribute record in the dataset. Further, thematic maps illustrate eight wave fields obtained by offshore-to-nearshore transformation by as many sea states scenarios with 200-year return period. Such wave fields are used as sources for significant wave height representing wave conditions over each IPW.
This dataset could be implemented with new measures at a broader scale, by following analogue procedures for measurements, to enlarge the observational scale on IPWs and improve the numerical models which might eventually derive by the analysis of this dataset
Flood Risk Estimation through Document Sources Analysis: the Case of the Amalfi Rocky Coast
In the last century the Amalfi Coast was affected by numerous severe floods in
conjunction with exceptional rainfall that caused major damage in terms of lost lives
and economic cost. Historical documentary sources are an important source of information
for reconstructing exceptional flood events occurring prior to the instrumental
era. Historical analysis also provides an opportunity to extend the time scale window
for flood risk studies. To study historical floods we collected all the available information
concerning the period between the 16th and the 20th centuries by analysing
both published and unpublished sources. The great variety of historical sources made
it necessary to formulate an ad hoc scientific procedure that takes into account not
only the completeness and reliability of documents related to the period, but also
the intrinsic quality of the material. Experience in historical data collection shows
that not all documentary sources can provide useful information for flood characterization,
but it is necessary to have a selective criteria in order to obtain the best
information rather than the best dataset quality.
Analysis of the data in question allowed us to achieve a chronological reconstruction
of more than 100 floods. In this task, the level of information was decisive to carry
out space–time identification, estimate the affected area and define type of damage
to public and private structures, and the geological effects induced
The collaborative communication model for patient handover at the interface between high-acuity and low-acuity care
Background: Cross-unit handovers transfer responsibility for the patient among healthcare teams in different clinical units, with missed information, potentially placing patients at risk for adverse events. Objectives: We analysed the communications between high-acuity and low-acuity units, their content and social context, and we explored whether common conceptual ground reduced potential threats to patient safety posed by current handover practices. Methods: We monitored the communication of five content items using handover probes for 22 patient transitions of care between high-acuity ' sender units' and low-acuity 'recipient units'. Data were analysed and discussed in focus groups with healthcare professionals to acquire insights into the characteristics of the common conceptual ground. Results: High-acuity and low-acuity units agreed about the presence of alert signs in the discharge form in 40% of the cases. The focus groups identified prehandover practices, particularly for anticipatory guidance that relied extensively on verbal phone interactions that commonly did not involve all members of the healthcare team, particularly nursing. Accessibility of information in the medical records reported by the recipient units was significantly lower than reported by sender units. Common ground to enable interpretation of the complete handover content items existed only among selected members of the healthcare team. Conclusions: The limited common ground reduced the likelihood of correct interpretation of important handover information, which may contribute to adverse events. Collaborative design and use of a shared set of handover content items may assist in creating common ground to enable clinical teams to communicate effectively to help increase the reliability and safety of cross-unit handovers
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