Линейная оценка коров черно-пестрой породы и ее связь с молочной продуктивностью

Long selection of cows on high yields of milk leads to deterioration of a udder. Bulls noticeably influence expressiveness of attributes of a linear estimation of the exterrier of daughters. In system of selection of bulls it is necessary to use result of its estimation on a exterrier of posterity.Длительная селекция коров на высокий удой приводит к ухудшению качества вымени. Быки-производители оказывают существенное влияние на выраженность признаков линейной оценки экстерьера дочерей. В системе подбора быков к стаду необходимо учитывать экстерьерный профиль быков, составленный по результатам оценки типа телосложения их дочерей

МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ И ПСЕВДОИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ СЛОВА (ПРОБЛЕМА РУССКО-АНГЛИЙСКИХ И РУССКО-ФРАНЦУЗСКИХ СООТВЕТСТВИЙ)

The use of «false cognates» in medical texts is widespread enough, and the number of mistakes that translators make is large. The purpose of this article is to identify medical words that may be mistaken due to their belonging to this group of vocabulary, possible errors when translating this category of words from English and French into Russian and vice versa, and establishing ways to eliminate errors when translating them, techniques which help to avoid misinterpretation of a text. In order to summarize the existing knowledge, the authors analyzed specialized literature on this issue, reviewing in detail the translation features of «false cognates» and, using examples, analyzed the characteristic errors that may occur during translation. The issues of theory and practice of teaching students of the Medical Institute of Russian Peoples’ Friendship University in a special course «Theory and Practice of Translation» are discussed in the article. The foreign students of three groups studing professionally oriented medical translation from Russian into English and French and from the above-noted languages into Russian took part in the study of this topic. As the experiment showed the knowledge of the specificity of the «false cognates» phenomenon helps to avoid «hidden rocks» when interpreting a professional medical text. The results of this article can also be applied when giving lectures and special courses on the theory and practice of translating foreign languages, developing teaching materials for medical students, and preparing specialized dictionaries.Применение «ложных друзей переводчика» в текстах медицинской направленности достаточно широко распространено, а количество ошибок, которые совершают переводчики, велико. Целью данной статьи является выявление тех слов медицинской тематики, перевод которых может быть ошибочным в силу их принадлежности к данной группе лексики, возможных ошибок при переводе данной категории слов с английского и французского языка на русский и обратно, и установление способов устранения ошибок при их переводе, приемов и техник, помогающих избежать неправильной интерпретации текста. С целью обобщения имеющихся знаний авторами была проанализирована специализированная литература по данному вопросу, подробно рассмотрены особенности перевода «ложных друзей переводчика» и непосредственно на примерах разобраны характерные ошибки, которые могут возникнуть при переводе. В статье обсуждаются вопросы теории и практики обучения студентов на кафедре русского языка медицинского института РУДН по специальному курсу «Теория и практика перевода». В изучении данной темы приняли участие иностранные студенты трех групп, занимающиеся профессионально ориентированным медицинским переводом с русского на английский и французский языки и с указанных языков на русский язык. Как показал эксперимент, знание специфики явления «ложные друзья переводчика» помогает избежать «подводных камней» при интерпретации профессионального медицинского текста. Результаты данной статьи могут также найти применение при проведении лекционных и специальных курсов по теории и практике перевода иностранных языков, разработке учебных материалов для студентов медицинских специальностей, подготовке специализированных словарей

ОБУЧЕНИЕ ПЕРЕВОДУ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ И ПСЕВДОИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СЛОВ С АНГЛИЙСКОГО И ФРАНЦУЗСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК

The article presents the instructional techniques for teaching translation of «false cognates», as well as some of the training materials used in teaching foreign students studying the theory and practice of professionally oriented medical translation in the framework of the special course «Fundamentals of Translation» (English and French). The purpose of educational materials is to teach foreign students to translate correctly «false cognates» in the field of medicine. The article presents training exercises for the revitalization of the studying material, as well as speech tasks for introducing the studying material into speech. The experiment conducted by us in three groups of a special course allowed us to determine the degree of effectiveness of these teaching materials in translating international and pseudo-international words from English and French into Russian. Training exercises on the materials presented in the article were used in two groups of students from different countries at the lessons on the theory and practice of translation. There were 10 students in two experimental groups. There were also 10 people in the control group. Control testing showed that there was a 25% increase in good and excellent results in the group working with these training materials. The collected material can be used to create a textbook on translation of international and pseudo-international words, as well as when writing methodological developments in the exchange of educational experience.В данной статье представлены методические приемы при обучении переводу «ложных друзей переводчика», а также часть учебных материалов, используемых в обучении иностранных студентов, изучающих теорию и практику профессионально ориентированного медицинского перевода в рамках специального курса «Основы перевода» (английский и французский языки). Цель учебных материалов - научить иностранных студентов правильно переводить «ложные друзья переводчика» в области медицины. В статье представлены тренировочные упражнения для активизации изучаемого материала, а также речевые задания для введения изучаемого материала в речь. Определить степень эффективности данных учебных материалов при переводе интернациональных и псевдоинтернациональных слов на русский язык с английского и французского языков позволил эксперимент, проведённый нами в трех группах специального курса. В двух группах студентов из разных стран на занятиях по теории и практике перевода использовались тренировочные упражнения по материалам, представленным в статье. В двух экспериментальных группах было по 10 студентов. В контрольной также 10 человек. Контрольное тестирование показало, что в группе, работающей с использованием данных учебных материалов, хороших и отличных результатов было на 25% больше. Собранный материал можно использовать для создания учебного пособия, посвященного переводу интернациональных и псевдоинтернациональных слов, а также при написании методических разработок, при обмене педагогическим опыто

Features of translation of medical instructions from English and French languages into Russian (Pharmacological discourse)

The purpose of the study is to reveal difficulties in translating instructions on the usage of medicines from English and French into Russian. Translation of medical instructions is a private form of medical translation that is in high demand. Each medicine should have a detailed description in Russian. With this document, a manufacturer guarantees to patient that subject to the prescribed standards, medicine will provide a certain effect that it is safe for life and health. The instruction is a kind of memo for a patient and a guarantee of the correctness of taking medicine. The authors of the article examined instructions for the use of medicines as genres of pharmaceutical discourse, highlighted the features of pharmaceutical terminology, examined ways to translate scientific terminology and vocabulary, analyzed translation techniques for transmitting vocabulary instructions for the use of medicines (translation of the instructions for the medicine > from English into Russian, as well as instructions for the > medicine from French into Russian), errors were identified in their translation. The following research methods were used in the work: comparative typological method, empirical method, observation method, analysis and synthesis, a descriptive method, a method of comparative analysis of the original and translation, and generalisation of the obtained results. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the synthesis of theoretical material on the problem of translation of instructions for the use of medicines. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used in the practical activities of translators of specialized literature and in the development of special translation courses of scientific literature from French and English into Russian. In addition, the results of this study can be used in the development of educational materials for students of medical specialties, the organization of advanced training and the exchange of teaching experience

Possibilities of using integrated learning in teaching English in a non-linguistic college

In the current conditions, apart from high-quality professional education, a crucial component of a specialist's competitiveness is the knowledge of a foreign language (further on - FL). Because of this, during the training of higher educational institutions' students, learning a FL requires considering professional specifics and its orientation on actualizing the professional activity tasks. Hence, methods of teaching a FL as a science are faced with the aim of searching for the optimal ways of reaching a sufficient level of FL knowledge for professional goals. Therefore, the aim of present article is to discuss the specifics of various methods of teaching a FL for professional communication and the possibilities of using them in a nonlinguistic college. In the context of present study, integrated learning is defined as learning, in which the focus is shifted from isolated teaching of a FL for professional communication to integration of learning the language with studying special disciplines. Analysis of theoretical developments and conduction of an experimental study showed that teaching a FL for professional communication on the basis of the CLIL methodology is efficient for students of a non-linguistic college. © 2017

Features of intensive production in the development of agriculture: The innovative aspect

In the article, the authors reveal the organizational and economic mechanism of innovation-intensive development of agricultural enterprises, which is based on a comprehensive system of scientific, technical, economic, technological research and development and depends on organizational, legal, economic, legal and technical levers to increase the efficiency of activities. The component of scientific support for innovation-intensive development, methods and directions of its implementation in agricultural production are identified and justified. It is proved that the determining role in modern conditions for the formation of an innovation-intensive type of development is played by a set of factors that are conditionally divided into external and internal, organizational and managerial, scientific and technical, technological, informational, etc. According to the results of the research, the spheres of application of scientific developments are proposed and the directions of their implementation on the way to the transition to an innovation-intensive type of production in agriculture are highlighted

Possibilities of using integrated learning in teaching English in a non-linguistic college

In the current conditions, apart from high-quality professional education, a crucial component of a specialist's competitiveness is the knowledge of a foreign language (further on - FL). Because of this, during the training of higher educational institutions' students, learning a FL requires considering professional specifics and its orientation on actualizing the professional activity tasks. Hence, methods of teaching a FL as a science are faced with the aim of searching for the optimal ways of reaching a sufficient level of FL knowledge for professional goals. Therefore, the aim of present article is to discuss the specifics of various methods of teaching a FL for professional communication and the possibilities of using them in a nonlinguistic college. In the context of present study, integrated learning is defined as learning, in which the focus is shifted from isolated teaching of a FL for professional communication to integration of learning the language with studying special disciplines. Analysis of theoretical developments and conduction of an experimental study showed that teaching a FL for professional communication on the basis of the CLIL methodology is efficient for students of a non-linguistic college. © 2017

Эволюция математических методов анализа вариабельности сердечного ритма: достижения и перспективы

The literature review briefly describes the applicability of various mathematical methods of heart rate variability analysis in the time and frequency domains, methods of nonlinear dynamics. Heart rate variability is a manifestation of the variability of adjacent heartbeats. Either heart rate variability expresses in terms of heart rate or in terms of duration of RR intervals, it is a popular subject of physiology research. The aim - a brief historical overview of the development of the concept of heart rate variability, approaches and methods for its quantitative description. The advantages of developing and introducing into clinical practice of circular methods for the heart rate variability analysis described in connection with the quasi-periodicity of the cardiac rate, which is periodic, and in the same time random, close to almost periodic processes. Heart rhythm is partly periodic, partly random, representing a quasiperiodic oscillatory process, similar in its properties to almost periodic processes. Statistical indicators of generally accepted time domain methods for heart rate variability analysis cannot be adequate to the phenomenon under study: their statistical properties depend on the recording time T and the number of heart beats in the sample N. The temporal fluctuations in heart rate show a significant correlation with respiration as a reflection of changes in cardiac autonomic regulation. Despite the lack of certainty in the existing estimates of the contribution of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system to this variability, a number of mathematical methods for the analysis of heart rate variability have been developed, allowing evaluate the effect of autonomous regulation of the heart. A variety of mathematical methods for analyzing data as a means of assessing for heart rate variability are characterized by unequal potential capabilities, their range of applications is limited. There is the problem of insufficient elaboration of standards. Depending on the capabilities of the data processing method, it is possible to obtain various information about the vegetative regulation of the heart rhythm and the functional state of the organism as a whole. To develop universal indicators of heart rate variability, the magnitude of which would have a clear physiological and clinical interpretation, it is necessary to involve mathematical models of quasi-periodic processes within the framework of the circular approach that are free from these drawbacks.В обзоре литературы описываются возможности применения различных методов анализа вариабельности сердечного ритма во временной и частотной областях, а также методов нелинейной динамики. Цель работы - краткий исторический обзор развития концепции вариабельности сердечного ритма, подходов и методов ее количественного описания. Описаны преимущества разработки и внедрения в клиническую практику циркулярных методов анализа вариабельности ритма сердца в связи с квазипериодичностью сердечного ритма, носящего отчасти периодический, отчасти случайный характер, близкого к почти периодическим процессам. Непредсказуемый характер колебаний длительностей RR-интервалов требует применения в анализе изменчивости сердечного ритма методов математической статистики, реализуемых во временной области - основанных на статистических показателях пульса как выборки: частоте пульса HR, периоде пульса HP, стандартном отклонении нормальных интервалов SDNN, коэффициенте вариации CV и др. Однако повторяющийся характер сокращений сердца для исследования их периодической структуры диктует предпочтение в выборе методов гармонического анализа вариабельности сердечного ритма, например, спектрального. При высокой оценке клинической значимости применения обоих подходов из виду упускается тот факт, что сердечный ритм при всей своей непредсказуемости имеет физиологические ограничения: слишком продолжительный или слишком короткий промежуток времени между сокращениями приводит к существенным негативным последствиям для организма, то есть ритм сердца не может носить исключительно случайный характер, также как не может быть совершенно периодическим, поскольку сердце обладает способностью адаптации своей насосной функции к потребностям организма. Статистические показатели общепринятых методик анализа изменчивости сердечного ритма во временной области не могут быть адекватны изучаемому явлению: их статистические свойства зависимы от продолжительности записи T и количества сокращений сердца в выборке N. Спектральные методы исследования в частотной области сталкиваются с неразрешимой проблемой нестационарности исследуемого временного ряда, что также ставит под сомнение полную пригодность данного инструмента для исследования вариабельности. Для разработки универсальных показателей вариабельности ритма сердца, величина которых имела бы ясную физиологическую и клиническую трактовку, необходимо привлекать математические модели квазипериодических процессов в рамках циркулярного подхода, свободные от указанных недостатков

Cluster management in the regional economy of the Russia: Formation and development

Currently, with political modernization in Russia underway, the greatest interest in the development of regional economy is the formation and development of business clusters. Since the last quarter of the 20th century, business clusters have become an important factor in the development of commercial relations between economic entities. The regions with business clusters become the leaders of economic development and determine the competitiveness of the internal Russian market. There are many different interpretations of the notion business cluster, but the authors are unanimous in the position that clots of enterprises that comprise a cluster have a positive effect on economic growth in general. Regional development and growth of competitive advantages are an urgent task for the Russian economy, as is shown in many policy documents. This paper discusses the numerous issues of formation and development of clusters, as well as evolution of the regional economies by means of business clusters. © Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd

Cluster management in the regional economy of the Russia: Formation and development

Currently, with political modernization in Russia underway, the greatest interest in the development of regional economy is the formation and development of business clusters. Since the last quarter of the 20th century, business clusters have become an important factor in the development of commercial relations between economic entities. The regions with business clusters become the leaders of economic development and determine the competitiveness of the internal Russian market. There are many different interpretations of the notion business cluster, but the authors are unanimous in the position that clots of enterprises that comprise a cluster have a positive effect on economic growth in general. Regional development and growth of competitive advantages are an urgent task for the Russian economy, as is shown in many policy documents. This paper discusses the numerous issues of formation and development of clusters, as well as evolution of the regional economies by means of business clusters. © Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd