Perkutaaniseen endoskooppiseen gastrostomiaan tarvitaan paikallisia hoitopolkuja

VertaisarvioituPEG eli perkutaaninen endoskooppinen gastrostomia on laajasti hyväksytty menetelmä enteraalisen ravitsemuksen ylläpitämiseksi. Toimenpiteen aiheet ja siihen liittyvät komplikaatiot tunnetaan ohjeistuksista huolimatta huonosti. PEG-letkun asennusta harkittaessa tulee huomioida potilaan henkilökohtaiset toiveet, diagnoosi jaelinajan ennuste. Potilaan ja usein myös omaisen asianmukainen ohjaus on onnistuneen hoidon keskeinen osa.Peer reviewe

Can phylogeny predict chemical diversity and potential medicinal activity of plants? A case study of amaryllidaceae

Background During evolution, plants and other organisms have developed a diversity of chemical defences, leading to the evolution of various groups of specialized metabolites selected for their endogenous biological function. A correlation between phylogeny and biosynthetic pathways could offer a predictive approach enabling more efficient selection of plants for the development of traditional medicine and lead discovery. However, this relationship has rarely been rigorously tested and the potential predictive power is consequently unknown.Results We produced a phylogenetic hypothesis for the medicinally important plant subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae) based on parsimony and Bayesian analysis of nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial DNA sequences of over 100 species. We tested if alkaloid diversity and activity in bioassays related to the central nervous system are significantly correlated with phylogeny and found evidence for a significant phylogenetic signal in these traits, although the effect is not strong.Conclusions Several genera are non-monophyletic emphasizing the importance of using phylogeny for interpretation of character distribution. Alkaloid diversity and in vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and binding to the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) are significantly correlated with phylogeny. This has implications for the use of phylogenies to interpret chemical evolution and biosynthetic pathways, to select candidate taxa for lead discovery, and to make recommendations for policies regarding traditional use and conservation priorities.<br /

Bannlys alla politiska beslut som ger mer klimatutsläpp

Torftig valdebatt. Dagspolitiken klarar inte att hantera ödesfrågan om klimatet, vilket oroar oss. Vi föreslår därför ett ”utsläppsmoratorium”: inga beslut får tas som ökar utsläppen av växthusgaser. Principen måste kopplas till mål om exempelvis förnybar energi och grön infrastruktur, skriver 23 forskare och debattörer