Buli dalam kalangan pelatih di pusat pemulihan juvana

This study investigates bullying and victimisation in juvenile rehabilitation institutions in Malaysia, where research on this phenomenon has been particularly limited. It examines the prevalence of bullying and victimisation in these settings and investigates the role of personal characteristics and aspects of institutional environments, and explores how these factors relate to bullying behaviour. The study comprised a survey completed by 289 male and female young people, aged 12 to 21 years old, in 8 juvenile rehabilitation institutions, using the scale version of Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist (DIPC-SCALEDr) and the Measuring the Quality of Prison Life (MQPL) instruments. The findings showed that 95 percent of young people reported at least one behaviour indicative of bullying others, and 99 percent reported at least one behaviour indicative of victimisation in a month. Seven predictors were found to underpin bullying behaviour, including three personal characteristics (i.e. time spent in the institution, experiences of punishment inside the institution, and gang membership) and four institutional dimensions (i.e respect; bureaucratic legitimacy; fairness; and family contact). To conclude, bullying behaviour seemed to be normalized in juvenile rehabilitation institutions. As the heart of institution, staff members play an important role to control bullying behaviour amongst young people. The importance of these findings for bullying prevention strategies and directions for future research are discussed

Hubungan penghargaan kendiri, resilien, sikap asertif dan kempimpinan dalam kalangan “Mat Rempit” di Lembah Klang

Youth faces drastic changes in their psychological, biological and social development. The involvement of adolescents in reckless motorcycle riding also known as ‘rempit’ is a social phenomenon that reflects devian behavior. Various programs have been carried out on prevention and recovery from various sectors. However, reckless motorcycle riding still occurs within our society and it has now grown to become a current trend among male youth especially those that are school dropouts to become 'Mat Rempit'. This paperwork sets out to measure the level of self-esteem, resilience, assertiveness and leadership. A quantitative design was applied in this field study. Sample recruitment were carried out via snowballing based on purposive sampling. A total of 30 youths between the age of 16 and 25 were recruited into the youth empowerment camp. Results show a significant relationship between self-esteem, resilience, assertiveness and gang leadership. There was a significant difference in terms of self-esteem (t=3.1, p<0.05) before and after the camp was carried out. Research implications were further discusses based on the impact towards the camp participants, their family, the social development of the youth and the improvement of the empowering youth-at-risk module. It is hoped that through this youth empowerment camp, participants have the potential to change risky behaviours to positive behaviours in order to contribute towards self-development and the well-being of their family

Hubungan kakitangan-pelatih dan tingkah laku agresif dalam kalangan pelatih muda di institusi pemulihan juvana

Aggressive behavior and violence have become a culture among inmates in correctional facilities. The involvement in such behaviors can lead to long-lasting physical, mental and emotional harms among inmates, thus obstruct their rehabilitation process. This study primarily aims to investigate the level and pattern of aggressive behavior among young inmates in juvenile correctional facilities in Malaysia. It further examines the association between staff-inmate relationship and aggressive behavior. A survey study was conducted, involving 289 male and female young offenders, aged 12 to 21 years old, in eight juvenile correctional facilities in Malaysia. The survey used two instruments, including the Measuring the Quality of Prison Life (MQPL) and Direct and Indirect Behavioral Checklist-Scaled Version Revised (DIPC-SCALEDr). The findings demonstrate that 95 per cent of young inmates reported at least one activity indicative of aggressive behavior in a month. The DIPC-SCALEDr scored significantly higher on verbal and psychological forms of aggressive behavior. The findings also show that staff-inmate relationship dimension has significant influence on aggressive behavior. Poor relationships between staff and inmates is a form of correctional strain that can cause emotional distress, frustration and anger among inmates. Such conditions often lead to aggressive behavior. The study suggests to improve correctional facilities by enhancing positive interpersonal relationships between staff and inmates. The study has implications for policy improvement in juvenile correctional settings

Kefungsian keluarga dan perkaitannya dengan motivasi pencapaian: satu kajian di Kementerian Sumber Manusia

Family functioning and achievement motivation are two aspects that have been frequently discussed by psychologists. Findings from previous research found that both aspects are related to each other. The objective of this research was to identify the levels of family functioning and motivation achievements among civil servants from the Ministry of Human Resources. Besides that, this research intended to observe the influence of family functioning towards motivation achievement of the same sample. This research involved 945 respondents comprised of employees with different grades and position within the Ministry of Human Resource in which they were chosen via simple random sampling. The Family Functioning Style Scale (FFSS) was used to measure family functioning while the Cassidy and Lynn Achievement Scale (CLAM) was used to measure achievement motivation. Analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 on the data collected. Results showed that majority of the respondents were found to have high levels of family functioning, however, majority of the respondents reported average level of achievement motivation. Results also found that family functioning was influential to motivation achievement

Emotional intelligence and religious orientation among secondary school students

This study was carried out to identify the differences of emotional intelligence and religious orientation between students in government secondary schools and religious secondary schools. This study involved 224 respondents that were chosen via purposive sampling technique. The emotional intelligence questionnaire used in this study was based on BarOn’s emotional intelligence theory while religious orientation was measured using the Religion Orientation Scale. Data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 19.0. T-test was used to observe the differences of emotional intelligence and religious orientation between students in government secondary schools and religious secondary schools. The results showed that there were differences in emotional intelligence but no difference was found in religious orientation between students from government secondary schools and religious secondary schools

“Tahu Salah Tapi Mahu”: cabaran remaja perempuan berhenti menonton pornografi

The study aims to explore how much female adolescents are willing to stop watching pornography and the challenges they face in abandoning their behavior. This qualitative study uses a phenomenological approach to understand the personal experiences of the adolescents involved. Given that the issue of pornography is considered ‘taboo’, only five adolescents who have engaged in pornography have voluntarily agreed to be interviewed in depth by adhering to established criteria and data saturation. They consist of late teens between the ages of 19 and 21 and are students from a public college. Data was collected via in-depth interviews based on semi-structured questions to achieve the research objectives. The questions are based on the Transteoretic Model with a focus on the readiness and challenges of abandoning pornographic behavior. The results of this study found that all respondents were less serious about change despite having the knowledge and awareness that watching pornography had a negative impact. The study also identified five challenges faced by respondents in abandoning pornographic behavior that were (i) incapable of controlling their appetite, (ii) internet attraction, (iii) filling their loneliness, (iv) their habit and (v) the way of thinking. The findings of this study are discussed by linking issues of internet addiction and the change model. Besides that, suggestions for referral to professionals in the help profession are also discussed

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Workplace Bullying: The Role of Perseverative Cognition and Coping in Its Impact on Frontline Employees’ Health and Well-being

This thesis investigates workplace bullying which refers to repeated negative acts between two parties where power imbalance exists, normally the victim being the one with less power. The aim of this thesis is to (1) investigate the longitudinal impact of workplace bullying on employees’ health and well-being, (2) examine the cognitive reactions (PC) and behavioural reactions (coping strategies) as a mechanism of frontline employees in dealing with workplace bullying and (3) explore how employees perceive and make meaning of their bullying experiences in the workplace. This research uses a sequential explanatory mixed-method approach to identify and explore workplace bullying trough frontline employees’ perception. Study 1 examined 70 frontline employees from various organizations living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This study focuses on the longitudinal impact of workplace bullying on employees’ health and well-being and its reverse causation, mediating mechanism of perseverative cognition on the bullying-well-being relationship as well as the moderating role of coping in the mediating relationship through a survey approach. Meanwhile, Study 2 identified and explored actions that were perceived as bullying, experiences and reactions both cognitive and behavioural of the victims dealing with workplace bullying, and the impacts on their health and well-being through a narrative approach. This study involved 20 participants recruited from Study 1 who were identified as victims. Results revealed that bullying was prevalent within the workplace which gives negative impact to the employees’ physical and psychological health. Repetitive negative thinking and worrying mediated the bullying-well-being relationship and this is moderated by certain acts of coping (e.g. problem solving and ignoring the problem). Silent retaliation and religious coping were one of the themes that emerged from the second study. Results of the two studies will be discussed further in the following chapters. The findings from this thesis reveals the need to improve the awareness of workplace bullying phenomena and organization’s current practice that would fit the needs of front line employees. This includes providing greater organizational support, better reinforcements of current policies, improve communication and develop preventive interventions

The correlates of workplace bullying on employees’ health and well-being among frontline employees

Workplace bullying has been a growing interest among researchers from various disciplines including psychology and management studies. This study examines the relationship of bullying and the consequences on employees’ health and well-being within the workplace context. A sample of 284 employees from various organizations in the Klang Valley area participated in this three-wave study with a final number of 70 employees which responded at all three time points. The survey covers a number of variables including experiences of being mistreated (Negative Acts Questionnaire), mental health (DASS), psychosomatic complaints (Physical Health Questionnaire) as health and well-being outcomes. Results showed an average of 80% of the participants were at least exposed to negative behaviors at the workplace and an average of 15% were victims of workplace bullying experiencing negative acts at least on a weekly basis if not daily