On Teitelbaum type L-invariants of Hilbert Modular forms attached to definite quaternions

We generalize Teitelbaum's work on the definition of the L-invariant to Hilbert modular forms that arise from definite quaternion algebras over totally real fields by the Jacquet-Langlands correspondence. Conjecturally this coincides with the Fontaine-Mazur type L-invariant, defined by applying Fontaine's theory to the Galois representation associated to Hilbert modular forms. An exceptional zero conjecture for the p-adic L-function of Hilbert modular forms is also proposed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.X1111Ysciescopu

A KINEMATIC COMPARISON OF RUNNING ON TREADMILL AND OVERGROUND SURFACES

Treadmills are often used for research in sport running shoes and physical training. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics in treadmill and overground running, and to investigate if the shoe testing on treadmill can reflect the performance of the running shoes on overground surfaces. Thirteen male subjects were recruited to run on treadmill, tartan, grass and concrete surfaces. Effective vertical stiffness, temporal and kinematic parameters were measured. The results showed that the running patterns within overground surfaces were not significantly different, while the significant differences were found between treadmill and overground running

A KINETIC COMPARISON OF RUNNING ON TREADMILL AND OVERGROUND SURFACES: AN ANALYSIS OF PLANTAR PRESSURE

The purpose of this study was to compare the plantar pressure in treadmill and overground running. It aimed to investigate whether treadmill is a suitable surface to carry out running shoe cushioning test. Fourteen male volunteers were recruited to run on four different running conditions i.e. treadmill, tartan, grass, and concrete with controlled running speed. A mobile plantar pressure measuring system was employed and peak pressure was measured. The results showed that the plantar pressure of treadmill running was different to that of overground running in total foot, medial midfoot, lateral midfoot and lesser toes

ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS ON LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLES DURING OVERGROUND AND TREADMILL RUNNING

The goal of this study was to compare treadmill running with overground running, so as to investigate if the shoe testing and training on treadmill can reflect the overground performance. Thirteen Chinese male subjects were instructed to run on the four conditions (1.Treadmill, 2.Tartan, 3.Grass, 4.Concrete). Comparisons between running conditions were made for muscle activity. The electromyography (EMG) signals from rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, biceps fermoris and medial gastrocnemius in one stride were evaluated. Results of the root mean square of EMG signal in rectus femoris, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius were found to be significantly different between overground and treadmill running during stance phase and the time point of toe off

Reconnaissance of Sediment-Phosphorus Relationships in Upper Flaming Gorge Reservoir

Executive Summary: A reconnaissance-level study was conducted in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming, during the late summer of 1982 in order to determine the possible importance of the sediment sin exacerbating the blue-green algal blooms that occur in summer in the upper reservoir. Sediments can affect phytoplankton dynamics in reservoirs on an annual basis by delyaing the availability of particulate P associated with spring runoff until late summery, when the warm water temperatures and the light climate favor the growth of blue-green algae. Over the longer term, however, sediments that historically have served as a trap for part of the annual phosphous load entering the system may release some of this stored P in response to decreased P concentrations in the overlying water. The decreased concentrations may result from unusally wet water years or, more importantly from a management standpoint, from restoration strategies aimed at reducing inputs of P from the watershed. The resulting internal P loading can delay the anticipated recovery of a reservoir for may years, relative to the recovery rate that owuld be predicted in its absence. The study of lacustrine sediments is helpful in predicting the potential for internal P loading from a particular sediment, as well as the factors more important in controlling P releas

Physical Properties of Tidal Features in Interacting Disk Galaxies

We explore tidal interactions of a galactic disk with Toomre parameter Q ~ 2 embedded in rigid halo/bulge with a point mass companion moving in a prescribed parabolic orbit. Tidal interactions produce well-defined spiral arms and extended tidal features such as bridge and tail that are all transient, but distinct in nature. In the extended disks, strong tidal force is able to lock the perturbed epicycle phases of the near-side particles to the perturber, shaping them into a tidal bridge that corotates with the perturber. A tidal tail develops at the opposite side as strongly-perturbed, near-side particles overtake mildly-perturbed, far-side particles. The tail is essentially a narrow material arm with a roughly logarithmic shape, dissolving with time because of large velocity dispersions. Inside the disks where tidal force is relatively weak, on the other hand, a two-armed logarithmic spiral pattern emerges due to the kinematic alignment of perturbed particle orbits. While self-gravity makes the spiral arms a bit stronger, the arms never become fully self-gravitating, wind up progressively with time, and decay after the peak almost exponentially in a time scale of ~ 1 Gyr. The arm pattern speed varying with both radius and time converges to Omega-kappa/2 at late time, suggesting that the pattern speed of tidally-driven arms may depend on radius in real galaxies. We present the parametric dependences of various properties of tidal features on the tidal strength, and discuss our findings in application to tidal spiral arms in grand-design spiral galaxies. (Abridged)Comment: 49 pages, 17 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal. PDF version with higher resolution figures is available at http://astro.snu.ac.kr/~shoh/research/publications/astroph/Tidally_Induced_Spiral_Structure.pd

Decreased expression of the Id3 gene at 1p36.1 in ovarian adenocarcinomas

The molecular events that drive the initiation and progression of ovarian adenocarcinoma are not well defined. We have investigated changes in gene expression in ovarian cancer cell lines compared to an immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial cell line (HOSE) using a cDNA array. We identified 17 genes that were under-expressed and 10 genes that were over-expressed in the cell lines compared to the HOSE cells. One of the genes under-expressed in the ovarian cancer cell lines, Id3, a transcriptional inactivator, was selected for further investigation. Id3 mRNA was expressed at reduced levels in 6 out of 9 ovarian cancer cell lines compared to the HOSE cells while at the protein level, all 7 ovarian cancer cell lines examined expressed the Id3 protein at greatly reduced levels. Expression of Id3 mRNA was also examined in primary ovarian tumours and was found in only 12/38 (32%) cases. A search was conducted for mutations of Id3 in primary ovarian cancers using single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Only one nucleotide substitution, present also in the corresponding constitutional DNA, was found in 94 ovarian tumours. Furthermore no association was found between LOH at 1p36 and lack of expression of Id3. These data suggest that Id3 is not the target of LOH at 1p36. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

The majority of re-activatable latent HIV proviruses are genetically distinct with no evidence of ongoing evolution

Background Two mechanisms have been proposed to contribute in to the maintenance of the HIV latent reservoir: homeostatic proliferation of latently infected cells and low level viral replication in the lymphoid tissue. Here we studied the sequences of reactivatable latent viruses obtained from a stably treated patient to assess the importance of these mechanisms. Methods Resting CD4+ T cells were isolated at regular intervals from the patient, underwent limiting dilution, were activated and then co-cultured with SupT1-CCR5 cells for 21 days. The supernatant was harvested for viral RNA. Regions in gag and env were analysed by Sanger sequencing. To control for artefacts from culture and sequencing, SupT1-CCR5 cells were infected with NL4-3 and underwent the same limiting dilution, culture, and sequencing processes. Pairwise comparisons were performed to obtain p-distances. Each pair of patient derived viral sequences was considered distinct if the p-distance was higher than that of the corresponding region of the sequences from NL4-3 infected SupT1-CCR5 cells. To seek evidence of viral evolution, a consensus was created from the viral sequences obtained from the first sample and sequences from samples obtained subsequently were compared against this baseline consensus. Results We obtained 32 sequences of reactivated latent viruses from a single patient. 18 distinct sequences could be distinguished from the gag region. The remaining 14 sequences segregated into five groups. However, when the env regions of these 14 sequences were analysed, only one ‘clonal’ group of two sequences remained. 30/32 reactivated latent viruses were distinct. If the threshold p-distance for two sequences to be considered distinct was set at the maximal (rather than average) p-distance observed in the reference set, 26/32 of reactivated latent viruses would still be considered distinct. We have not observed any increase in p-distances over 28 weeks of sampling compared to the baseline samples to suggest of accumulation of mutations. Conclusion Our results show that the majority of reactivatable latent viruses are genetically distinct. Persistent viral evolution was not observed in the latent reservoir harboured in peripheral blood resting CD4+ T cells in this stably treated patient

N-Body Simulations of Compact Young Clusters near the Galactic Center

We investigate the dynamical evolution of compact young star clusters (CYCs) near the Galactic center (GC) using Aarseth's Nbody6 codes. The relatively small number of stars in the cluster (5,000-20,000) makes real-number N-body simulations for these clusters feasible on current workstations. Using Fokker-Planck (F-P) models, Kim, Morris, & Lee (1999) have made a survey of cluster lifetimes for various initial conditions, and have found that clusters with a mass <~ 2x10^4 Msun evaporate in ~10 Myr. These results were, however, to be confirmed by N-body simulations because some extreme cluster conditions, such as strong tidal forces and a large stellar mass range participating in the dynamical evolution, might violate assumptions made in F-P models. Here we find that, in most cases, the CYC lifetimes of previous F-P calculations are 5-30% shorter than those from the present N-body simulations. The comparison of projected number density profiles and stellar mass functions between N-body simulations and HST/NICMOS observations by Figer et al. (1999) suggests that the current tidal radius of the Arches cluster is ~1.0 pc, and the following parameters for the initial conditions of that cluster: total mass of 2x10^4 Msun and mass function slope for intermediate-to-massive stars of 1.75 (the Salpeter function has 2.35). We also find that the lower stellar mass limit, the presence of primordial binaries, the amount of initial mass segregation, and the choice of initial density profile (King or Plummer models) do not significantly affect the dynamical evolution of CYCs.Comment: 20 pages including 6 figures, To appear in ApJ, Dec 20 issu

Distorted chemosensory perception and female sex associate with persistent smell and/or taste loss in people with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a community based cohort study investigating clinical course and resolution of acute smell and/or taste loss in people with and without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in London, UK

BACKGROUND: Loss of smell and/or taste are cardinal symptoms of COVID-19. 'Long-COVID', persistence of symptoms, affects around one fifth of people. However, data regarding the clinical resolution of loss of smell and/or taste are lacking. In this study we assess smell and taste loss resolution at 4-6 week follow-up, aim to identify risk factors for persistent smell loss and describe smell loss as a feature of long-COVID in a community cohort in London with known SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibody status. We also compare subjective and objective smell assessments in a subset of participants. METHODS: Four hundred sixty-seven participants with acute loss of smell and/or taste who had undergone SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibody testing 4-6 weeks earlier completed a follow-up questionnaire about resolution of their symptoms. A subsample of 50 participants completed an objective olfactory test and results were compared to subjective smell evaluations. RESULTS: People with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with an acute loss of sense of smell and taste were significantly less likely to recover their sense of smell/taste than people who were seronegative (smell recovery: 57.7% vs. 72.1%, p = 0.027. taste recovery 66.2% vs. 80.3%, p = 0.017). In SARS-CoV-2 positive participants, a higher percentage of male participants reported full resolution of smell loss (72.8% vs. 51.4%; p  40 years) than those who reported full resolution. Participants who experienced parosmia reported lower smell recovery rates and participants with distorted taste perception lower taste recovery rates. Parosmia had a significant association to unresolved smell loss (OR 2.47, 95%CI 1.54-4.00, p  40 years) and people with a distorted perception of their sense of smell/taste are likely to benefit from prioritised early therapeutic interventions. TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04377815 Date of registration: 23/04/2020