Hub Covering Location Problem Considering Queuing and Capacity Constraints

In this paper, a hub covering location problem is considered. Hubs, which are the most congested part of a network, are modeled as M/M/C queuing system and located in placeswhere the entrance flows are more than a predetermined value.A fuzzy constraint is considered in order to limit the transportation time between all origin-destination pairs in the network.On modeling, a nonlinear mathematical program is presented.Then, the nonlinear constraints are convertedto linear ones.Due to the computational complexity of the problem,genetic algorithm (GA),particle swarm optimization (PSO)based heuristics, and improved hybrid PSO are developedto solve the problem. Since the performance of the given heuristics is affected by the corresponding parameters of each, Taguchi method is appliedin order to tune the parameters. Finally,the efficiency ofthe proposed heuristicsis studied while designing a number of test problems with different sizes.The computational results indicated the greater efficiency of the heuristic GA compared to the other methods for solving the proble

Power System Dynamic Stability Enhancement Using a New PID Type PSS 1

Abstract: Power System Stabilizers (PSS) are used to generate supplementary damping control signals for the excitation system in order to damp the Low Frequency Oscillations (LFO) of the electric power system. The PSS is usually designed based on classical control approaches but this Conventional PSS (CPSS) has some problems. To overcome the drawbacks of CPSS, numerous techniques have been proposed in literatures. In this paper a PID type PSS (PID-PSS) is considered for damping electric power system oscillations. The parameters of this PID type PSS (PID-PSS) are tuned based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm optimization method. The proposed PID-PSS is evaluated against the conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS) at a single machine infinite bus power system considering system parametric uncertainties. The simulation results clearly indicate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method

Circulating nesfatin-1 levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in females. Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus and other peripheral organs, and there are conflicting opinions about its correlation with PCOS. Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between nesfatin-1 and PCOS and evaluates the effectiveness of nesfatin-1 as a biomarker for the detection of PCOS in women. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify pertinent articles from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effects model to compare group outcomes. Additionally, meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to elucidate sources of heterogeneity. Results: The meta-analysis involved 12 studies with 1222 participants, and the findings revealed a significant relationship between PCOS and nesfatin-1 levels. The pooled (SMD = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.00-1.07; p = 0.04) indicated a significant difference between the evaluated groups. Moreover, a subgroup analysis showed that there was a substantial difference in nesfatin-1 levels among women with PCOS and higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance ratio (SMD = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.92-2.00; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis indicates an association between high nesfatin-1 levels and PCOS. This suggests a potential role of nesfatin-1 in the development of PCOS and proposes it as a potential diagnostic biomarker for the disease. However, further research is necessary to validate these findings. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Insulin resistance, Body mass index, Meta-analysis

Optimal PID power system stabilizer tuning based on particle swarm optimization

Abstract Power system stabilizers (PSS) are used to generate supplementary damping control signals for the excitation system in order to damp the low frequency oscillations (LFO) of the electric power system. The PSS is usually designed based on classical control approaches but this conventional PSS (CPSS) has some problems. To overcome the drawbacks of CPSS, numerous techniques have been proposed in literatures. In this paper a PID type PSS is considered for damping electric power system oscillations. The parameters of this PID type PSS are tuned based on particle swarm optimization method. The proposed PSS (PSO-PSS) is evaluated against the conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS) at a single machine infinite bus power system considering system parametric uncertainties. The simulation results clearly indicate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method

Concept, Components and Promotion of Global Citizenship

The term "citizenship" refers to an identity between a person and a city, state or nation. When combined with the term "global", it typically defines a person who places their identity with a "global community" above their identity as a citizen of a particular nation or place. The idea is that one’s identity transcends geography or political borders and that responsibilities or rights are or can be derived from membership in a broader class: "humanity". The message of Global citizenship is that the core social, political, economic and environmental realities of the world today should be addressed at all levels - by individuals, civil society organizations, communities and nation states - through a global lens. The lack of a global democratic government that is accountable and responsible against citizens in the face of global challenges, demonstrate the ineffectiveness and lack of effectiveness of the world existing structures. Therefore, to supplement the existing structures, global citizenship is performative and citizen-oriented. Citizens through information and communication networks participate in solving global issues, including environmental problems, human rights, peace and global poverty. This type of citizenship is promoted thorough information technology, environmental, multicultural and human rights education

Analysis of Administrative Justice Act from the Perspective of Specific Administrative Fair Trial Standards (with Regard to European Human Rights Court)

Administrative hearing is one of the important new areas of proceedings. Fair administrative justice standards are divided into two categories: comprehensive general standards of fair trial and specific fair trial standards which govern the three stages of the administrative hearing (including institution of case, hearing and decision making). In this article, Administrative Justice Act (enacted of 1992 by Islamic Council (Majlis)) as legislative action is analyzed in terms of specific fair trial principles and criteria that govern the three stages of Administrative Procedure to be clarified that, to what extent these standards are met in the legislative process related to principle 173. Therefore, this article seeks to answer the questions that follow: what principles and rules as administrative fair trial standards are governing over the three stages of administrative hearing? To what extent the principles of administrative justice system are guaranteed and respected

A highly accurate model for prediction of thermal conductivity of carbon-based nano-enhanced PCMs using an artificial neural network

Nano-PCMs, which contain nanostructured materials, can enhance the low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs). It is crucial to predict the precise thermal conductivity of nano-PCM to assess the heat transfer during phase change procedures such as melting and solidification. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface method (RSM) were used to develop a model for predicting the thermal conductivity of carbon-based nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCMs) using 482 experimental samples collected from various datasets. The carbon-based nano-particles were SWCNTs, MWCNTs, graphite, graphene, and (CNFs). Six input parameters were considered with varying temperature, mass fractions, sizes, thermal conductivities of PCMs and nano-particles, and the phase of PCM. The ANN was designed using a multi-layered feed-forward structure and Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation algorithm with one hidden layer consisting of eight neurons. The transfer function was varied to achieve optimal performance. It was revealed that the predictive capacity of the ANN model is greater than that of the RSM model based on their corresponding the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values. The developed ANN achieved a R2 value of 0.99, while the RSM method model achieved an R2 value of 0.79

The Effect of Health Expenditure on Labor Productivity in Iran in 2005 -2013

Introduction: Increase human capital and quality of human resources by increase health level one of the important factors for economic growth, that in constant level of inputs increase productivity. Method: This study uses panel data of 30 provinces over 2005 -2013 that obtained from regional data of statistical center of Iran, estimate Mankiw, Romer and Weil model by generalized method of moments and panel data. Data analysis was performed using Spss22 and Eviews8 software. Result: The results show that public health expenditures have a more effect on the labor productivity than private health expenditures, so that for 100 rials the increase in private and public health expenditures, respectively, was significantly more than 0.75 rials and 27.4 Rial increases. Conclusion: by considering that the private health expenditure has treatment aspect and public expenditure has sanitary aspect, and because the heath expenditure has high cost for some of household, government must reduce the cost of health so that increase the labor productivity

Multi Area Load Frequency Control using Simulated Annealing

Abstract: In multi area electric power systems if a large load is suddenly connected (or disconnected) to the system, or if a generating unit is suddenly disconnected by the protection equipment, there will be a long-term distortion in the power balance between that delivered by the turbines and that consumed by the loads. This imbalance is initially covered from the kinetic energy of rotating rotors of turbines, generators and motors and, as a result, the frequency in the system will change. Therefore The Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem is one of the most important subjects in the electric power system operation and control. In practical systems, the conventional PI type controllers are applied for LFC. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional PI controllers, numerous techniques have been proposed in literatures. In this paper a PI type controller is considered for LFC problem. The parameters of the proposed PI controller are tuned using Simulated Annealing (SA) optimization method. A multi area electric power system with a wide range of parametric uncertainties is given to illustrate proposed method. To show effectiveness of the proposed method, a PI type controller optimized by Genetic Algorithms (GA) is designed in order to comparison with the proposed PI controller. The simulation results visibly show the validity of SA-PI controller in comparison with the GA-PI controller