4 research outputs found

    Aproximaciones en la preparaci贸n de contenido de v铆deo para la transmisi贸n de v铆deo bajo demanda (VOD) con DASH

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    El consumo de contenido multimedia a trav茅s de Internet, especialmente el v铆deo, est谩 experimentado un crecimiento constante, convirti茅ndose en una actividad cotidiana entre individuos de todo el mundo. En este contexto, en los 煤ltimos a帽os se han desarrollado numerosos estudios enfocados en la preparaci贸n, distribuci贸n y transmisi贸n de contenido multimedia, especialmente en el 谩mbito del v铆deo bajo demanda (VoD). Esta tesis propone diferentes contribuciones en el campo de la codificaci贸n de v铆deo para VoD que ser谩 transmitido usando el est谩ndar Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH). El objetivo es encontrar un equilibrio entre el uso eficiente de recursos computacionales y la garant铆a de ofrecer una calidad experiencia (QoE) alta para el espectador final. Como punto de partida, se ofrece un estudio exhaustivo sobre investigaciones relacionadas con t茅cnicas de codificaci贸n y transcodificaci贸n de v铆deo en la nube, enfoc谩ndose especialmente en la evoluci贸n del streaming y la relevancia del proceso de codificaci贸n. Adem谩s, se examinan las propuestas en funci贸n del tipo de virtualizaci贸n y modalidades de entrega de contenido. Se desarrollan dos enfoques de codificaci贸n adaptativa basada en la calidad, con el objetivo de ajustar la calidad de toda la secuencia de v铆deo a un nivel deseado. Los resultados indican que las soluciones propuestas pueden reducir el tama帽o del v铆deo manteniendo la misma calidad a lo largo de todos los segmentos del v铆deo. Adem谩s, se propone una soluci贸n de codificaci贸n basada en escenas y se analiza el impacto de utilizar v铆deo a baja resoluci贸n (downscaling) para detectar escenas en t茅rminos de tiempo, calidad y tama帽o. Los resultados muestran que se reduce el tiempo total de codificaci贸n, el consumo de recursos computacionales y el tama帽o del v铆deo codificado. La investigaci贸n tambi茅n presenta una arquitectura que paraleliza los trabajos involucrados en la preparaci贸n de contenido DASH utilizando el paradigma FaaS (Function-as-a-Service), en una plataforma serverless. Se prueba esta arquitectura con tres funciones encapsuladas en contenedores, para codificar y analizar la calidad de los v铆deos, obteniendo resultados prometedores en t茅rminos de escalabilidad y distribuci贸n de trabajos. Finalmente, se crea una herramienta llamada VQMTK, que integra 14 m茅tricas de calidad de v铆deo en un contenedor con Docker, facilitando la evaluaci贸n de la calidad del v铆deo en diversos entornos. Esta herramienta puede ser de gran utilidad en el 谩mbito de la codificaci贸n de v铆deo, en la generaci贸n de conjuntos de datos para entrenar redes neuronales profundas y en entornos cient铆ficos como educativos. En resumen, la tesis ofrece soluciones y herramientas innovadoras para mejorar la eficiencia y la calidad en la preparaci贸n y transmisi贸n de contenido multimedia en la nube, proporcionando una base s贸lida para futuras investigaciones y desarrollos en este campo que est谩 en constante evoluci贸n.The consumption of multimedia content over the Internet, especially video, is growing steadily, becoming a daily activity among people around the world. In this context, several studies have been developed in recent years focused on the preparation, distribution, and transmission of multimedia content, especially in the field of video on demand (VoD). This thesis proposes different contributions in the field of video coding for transmission in VoD scenarios using Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard. The goal is to find a balance between the efficient use of computational resources and the guarantee of delivering a high-quality experience (QoE) for the end viewer. As a starting point, a comprehensive survey on research related to video encoding and transcoding techniques in the cloud is provided, focusing especially on the evolution of streaming and the relevance of the encoding process. In addition, proposals are examined as a function of the type of virtualization and content delivery modalities. Two quality-based adaptive coding approaches are developed with the objective of adjusting the quality of the entire video sequence to a desired level. The results indicate that the proposed solutions can reduce the video size while maintaining the same quality throughout all video segments. In addition, a scene-based coding solution is proposed and the impact of using downscaling video to detect scenes in terms of time, quality and size is analyzed. The results show that the required encoding time, computational resource consumption and the size of the encoded video are reduced. The research also presents an architecture that parallelizes the jobs involved in content preparation using the FaaS (Function-as-a-Service) paradigm, on a serverless platform. This architecture is tested with three functions encapsulated in containers, to encode and analyze the quality of the videos, obtaining promising results in terms of scalability and job distribution. Finally, a tool called VQMTK is developed, which integrates 14 video quality metrics in a container with Docker, facilitating the evaluation of video quality in various environments. This tool can be of great use in the field of video coding, in the generation of datasets to train deep neural networks, and in scientific environments such as educational. In summary, the thesis offers innovative solutions and tools to improve efficiency and quality in the preparation and transmission of multimedia content in the cloud, providing a solid foundation for future research and development in this constantly evolving field

    Implementaci贸n de una plataforma en la nube para los Cursos Masivos Abiertos en L铆nea (MOOC) utilizando Google Course Builder e infraestructuras de escritorio virtual.

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    El objetivo fue la implantaci贸n de una plataforma en la nube para los Cursos Masivos Abiertos en L铆nea (MOOC) utilizando Google Course Builder e Infraestructuras de Escritorio Virtual, mediante esta infraestructura se public贸 un curso en l铆nea sobre la asignatura de Sistemas Operativos dictada en la Escuela de Ingenier铆a en Sistemas de la Facultad de Inform谩tica y Electr贸nica de la Escuela Superior Polit茅cnica de Chimborazo. Se desarroll贸 una soluci贸n tecnol贸gica, utilizando modelos y servicios de la computaci贸n en la nube, que consigui贸 recrear uno de los retos importantes de las soluciones e-learning, como son los laboratorios de computaci贸n. El dise帽o de la soluci贸n est谩 compuesto por un conjunto de herramientas de tipo abierto, que emplea los tres servicios en la nube como son: Infraestructura como Servicio (IaaS) para brindar escritorios virtuales (VDI) utilizando OpenUDS, Plataforma como servicio (PaaS) para publicar los cursos masivos en l铆nea con Google Course Builder (GCB) y Software como Servicio (SaaS) para brindar un conjunto de aplicaciones disponibles en la Red. Este proceso de desarrollo y despliegue fue guiado por la metodolog铆a SCRUM, que permiti贸 cumplir con los requerimientos establecidos por el usuario, tiempos y entregables generados en cada iteraci贸n. La implantaci贸n de estos servicios consigui贸 un grado de aceptaci贸n del 90%, obteniendo similares beneficios a los que se logran mediante los laboratorios f铆sicos de las instituciones educativas. Las integraciones de los servicios en la nube son propicias para la creaci贸n de escenarios e-learning con laboratorios virtuales de computaci贸n, que apoyen el desarrollo pr谩ctico de una clase. Se recomienda el uso de esta soluci贸n a las unidades educativas, ya que los estudiantes tienen acceso a un sinn煤mero de aplicaciones, contenidos y capacidades de c贸mputo, que pueden ser consumidas indistintamente del lugar de donde se encuentren, utilizando un computador o dispositivo inteligente.The goal of the present research was to implement a cloud platform for open massive online courses (MOOC) using Google Course Builder and Virtual Desktop Infrastructures. Through this infrastructure was published an online course about Operating Systems subject. It was applied in Engineering in Systems School of the Faculty of Computer Science and Electronics at Escuela Superior Polit茅cnica de Chimborazo. It was developed a technological solution, using cloud computing models and services, which managed to create one of the important challenges of e-learning solutions, such as computer labs. The solution design is composed of an open-type toolkit, which uses the three cloud services, such as: infrastructure as a service (laaS) to provide virtual desktops (VDI) using Open UDS, platform as a service (PaaS) for publish online courses with Google Course Builder (GCB) and software as a service (SaaS) to provide a set of applications available on the network. This process of development and deployment was guided by the SCRUM methodology, which allowed to meet the requirements established by the user, times and deliverables generated in each iteration. The implementation of these services got a 90% of acceptance. Thus, it obtained similar benefits to those achieved by the physical laboratories of educational institutions. The integrations of cloud services are conducive to the recreation of e-learning scenarios with virtual computer labs that support the practical development of a class. The use of this solution is suggested to educational units, since students have access to an infinite number of applications, contents and computing capabilities, which can be used no matter where people are, using computer or smart device

    Cloud media video encoding:review and challenges

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    In recent years, Internet traffic patterns have been changing. Most of the traffic demand by end users is multimedia, in particular, video streaming accounts for over 53%. This demand has led to improved network infrastructures and computing architectures to meet the challenges of delivering these multimedia services while maintaining an adequate quality of experience. Focusing on the preparation and adequacy of multimedia content for broadcasting, Cloud and Edge Computing infrastructures have been and will be crucial to offer high and ultra-high definition multimedia content in live, real-time, or video-on-demand scenarios. For these reasons, this review paper presents a detailed study of research papers related to encoding and transcoding techniques in cloud computing environments. It begins by discussing the evolution of streaming and the importance of the encoding process, with a focus on the latest streaming methods and codecs. Then, it examines the role of cloud systems in multimedia environments and provides details on the cloud infrastructure for media scenarios. After doing a systematic literature review, we have been able to find 49 valid papers that meet the requirements specified in the research questions. Each paper has been analyzed and classified according to several criteria, besides to inspect their relevance. To conclude this review, we have identified and elaborated on several challenges and open research issues associated with the development of video codecs optimized for diverse factors within both cloud and edge architectures. Additionally, we have discussed emerging challenges in designing new cloud/edge architectures aimed at more efficient delivery of media traffic. This involves investigating ways to improve the overall performance, reliability, and resource utilization of architectures that support the transmission of multimedia content over both cloud and edge computing environments ensuring a good quality of experience for the final user

    Video quality metrics toolkit: An open source software to assess video quality

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    Video content on the Internet continues to grow. As a result, streaming platforms must ensure a certain level of quality when preparing their content. To this end, several metrics have been developed by the research community to evaluate video quality. This work integrates 14 video metrics and the SI-TI indicators into a container image to create a cross-platform tool, VQMTK. The tool offers a web interface and a Bash script that combines all metrics into a single tool. Performance tests have demonstrated that the tool is capable of handling all the integrated metrics using 4K video samples. The tool can be used in scientific and educational environments
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