Changing Cropping Pattern in Kheri District, Uttar Pradesh, India

The aim of this study is to examine the cropping pattern in Kheri District, Uttar Pradesh, India. This paper also estimated the changing cropping pattern at the block level between 2009-10 and 2014-15, how the choices of the farmers are changing for the alteration of crops with the time motivated by modern technologies, land disintegration, frequent flash floods, deforestation, fluctuation on the market, etc. Kheri district has been considered as the study area for this research paper. The study has been carried out at the block level. The data has been derived from the district statistical handbooks. Field visits and personal interviews have been done to fathom the real situations and motivating factors for the changing crop pattern. The findings demonstrate that there is a net loss in the cropped area in the district during 2010 and 2015. The crop pattern changed in these five years. The area under cereal crops declined and sugarcane cultivation accelerated. Market and flash floods were the main factors to affect the acreage of the crops

Dynamics of coherent structures in a plane mixing layer

An incompressible, time developing 3-D mixing layer with idealized initial conditions was simulated numerically. Consistent with the suggestions from experimental measurements, the braid region between the dominant spanwise vortices or rolls develops longitudinal vortices or ribs, which are aligned upstream and downstream of a roll and produce spanwise distortion of the rolls. The process by which this distortion occurs is explained by studying a variety of quantities of dynamic importance (e.g., production of enstrophy, vortex stretching). Other quantities of interest (dissipation, helicity density) are also computed and discussed. The currently available simulation only allows the study of the early evolution (before pairing) of the mixing layer. New simulations in progress will relieve this restriction

NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR OPHTHALMIC PREPARATIONS

Despite numerous efforts, ocular drug delivery still remains a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists. Most of the ocular diseases are treated by topical drug applications. But this suffers from poor bioavailability and other drawbacks. Budding interest in nanopharmaceuticals has generated a number of advancements throughout recent years with a focus on engineering novel applications. Nanotechnology also offers the ability to detect diseases at much earlier stages. Recent developments in ocular drug delivery system research have provided new insights into drug development. This review summarizes recent findings and applications of various nanoparticulate systems like nanospheres, nanosuspensions, microemulsions, liposome, etc in ocular drug delivery

To Study and to Evaluate the Requirements Required to Propose an Alternate Api for an Approved Drug Product in USFDA.

Tablets are tamper proof solid unit dosage forms containing medicament or mixture of medicaments and excipients compressed or molded into solid cylindrical shape having either flat or convex surfaces. The tablet must be sufficiently strong and resistant to shock, abrasion, should withstand handling during manufacturing, packing, shipping, and use. Hardness and friability tests measure this property. Tablet must be uniform in weight and in drug content of the individual tablet. This is measured by the weight variation and content uniformity tests. The drug content of the tablet must be bioavailable. This property is measured by the dissolution test. Accurate bioavailability can be obtained from the drug levels in the blood after its administration. results obtained by both the API‟S were found to be similar. Impurities present in the drug were found unaltered in the HPLC chromatogram and peaks in the DSC thermogram of drug disintegrant physical mixture. The powder blend was prepared by blending various ingredients in mortar and pestle for 20 min and evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, carr‟s index, Hausner‟s ratio angle of repose.Immediate release tablet of Naproxen sodium was obtained by wet granulation method for both the API formulations. Formulations prepared composed of povidone, sodium starch glycolate as disintegrants, and microcrystalline cellulose as diluents. Hence by comparing the specification standards i.e certificate of analysis of both the approved API source , the certificate of analysis of alternate API source and dissolution profiles of both the API sources it can be concluded that the results of Alternate API source ie CHARIOTER is equivalent with that of the Approved API source. According to Alternate Vendor Guideline in regulatory point of view an alternate vendor for Active pharmaceutical ingredient can be approved if the specification standards and dissolution profile was same as compared with that of the already approved API source. Hence the formulation of Naproxen sodium can be done by using the alternate API source i.e, CHARIOTER. Further formulation was carried out using the API of APPROVED ALTERNATE source and 6 formulations were carried out. Out of the 6 formulations first 3 formulations were done using direct compression method and next 3 formulations were done by wet granulation metho

A Case Study Analysis of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet’s Design/Build Pilot Projects

The current economic climate has forced transportation agencies to evaluate opportunities to save money. One possible opportunity lies in Design/Build (DB) delivery. In 2006, with the approval of the Kentucky General Assembly, The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet selected ten projects to be developed through the Design/Build method. DB delivery offers many attainable advantages, the most notable being expedited delivery. The research described herein presents a case study of these DB pilot projects in order to capture lessons learned on the use of the DB delivery method on future projects. In order to determine which projects are suitable for DB delivery, a scorecard was developed based upon factors observed over the course of the DB pilot projects. Another important aspect of the DB pilot projects was their cost, it was believed their costs were much higher than a comparable design/bid/build (DBB) projects. However, after a thorough cost analysis, it was determined that the DB projects cost the Cabinet only an estimated three percent more than comparable DBB projects. The DB pilot projects have had mixed results. Several recommendations are provided that will assist agencies with DB project selection and successful management of DB projects

Two-qubit parametric amplifier: large amplification of weak signals

Using numerical simulations, we show that two coupled qubits can amplify a weak signal about hundredfold. This can be achieved if the two qubits are biased simultaneously by this weak signal and a strong pump signal, both of which having frequencies close to the inter-level transitions in the system. The weak signal strongly affects the spectrum generated by the strong pumping drive by producing and controlling mixed harmonics with amplitudes of the order of the main harmonic of the strong drive. We show that the amplification is robust with respect to noise, with an intensity of the order of the weak signal. When deviating from the optimal regime (corresponding to strong qubit coupling and a weak-signal frequency equal to the inter-level transition frequency) the proposed amplifier becomes less efficient, but it can still considerably enhance a weak signal (by several tens). We therefore propose to use coupled qubits as a combined parametric amplifier and frequency shifter.Comment: 6 figure

Who is a coach and who is a coaching psychologist? Professionalising coaching psychology in the United Kingdom

As the British Psychological Society establishes a new Division of Coaching Psychology and routes to chartered membership for coaching psychologists, we revisit the ongoing dialogue into the professionalisation of coaching psychology, with a specific focus on practice in the United Kingdom (U.K.). We attempt to make distinctions between the practice of a coaching psychologist and a professionally qualified coach. First, we offer an overview of the development of coaching psychology over recent years, contemplating the need to regulate it as a profession. Following that, we consider some of the main coaching and coaching psychology definitions in an attempt to delineate the practice of coaching psychologists from that of non-psychologist coaches. Next, we compare approaches to training and some of the differences between coaching and coaching psychology, as well as the need for an ethical framework and supervision for coaching psychologists. Finally, we conclude by offering a final thought about who is a coaching psychologist