Some preliminary observations on the life-history of Cuterebra tenebrosa Coquillet

n/

Control of the pear leaf blister mite and the pear rust mite (Acarina: Eriophyidae)

Delayed dormant applications of endosulfan plus oil or ethion plus oil gave excellent control of both the pear leaf blister mite. <i>Eriophyes pyri</i> (Pgst.). and the pear rust mite. <i>Epitrimerus pyri</i> (Nal.) Lime sulphur as a dormant spray gave excellent control of the pear leaf blister mite but the delayed dormant application gave poor control. Both applications of lime sulphur gave good control of the pear rust mite

Control of the pear leaf blister mite and the pear rust mite (Acarina: Eriophyidae)

Delayed dormant applications of endosulfan plus oil or ethion plus oil gave excellent control of both the pear leaf blister mite. Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.). and the pear rust mite. Epitrimerus pyri (Nal.) Lime sulphur as a dormant spray gave excellent control of the pear leaf blister mite but the delayed dormant application gave poor control. Both applications of lime sulphur gave good control of the pear rust mite

Preliminary trials with Citrazon - a selective acaricide

Citrazon (Ethyl O-benzoyl 3 chloro-2, 6-dimethoxy benzohydroximate) was compared with two orangotin acaricides Plictran and Vendex for mite control on apples and pears. Citrazon controlled the phytophagous European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) as effectively as Plictran and Vendex and all were low in toxicity to the phytoseiid mites  Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt and T. columbiensis Chant.  Unlike Plictran and Vendex, Citrazon was much less toxic to another predatory mite, Zetzellia mali Ewing, and to the pear rust mite, Epitrimerus pyri (Nal.)

Spatial Anisotropies and Temporal Fluctuations in Extracellular Matrix Network Texture during Early Embryogenesis

Early stages of vertebrate embryogenesis are characterized by a remarkable series of shape changes. The resulting morphological complexity is driven by molecular, cellular, and tissue-scale biophysical alterations. Operating at the cellular level, extracellular matrix (ECM) networks facilitate cell motility. At the tissue level, ECM networks provide material properties required to accommodate the large-scale deformations and forces that shape amniote embryos. In other words, the primordial biomaterial from which reptilian, avian, and mammalian embryos are molded is a dynamic composite comprised of cells and ECM. Despite its central importance during early morphogenesis we know little about the intrinsic micrometer-scale surface properties of primordial ECM networks. Here we computed, using avian embryos, five textural properties of fluorescently tagged ECM networks — (a) inertia, (b) correlation, (c) uniformity, (d) homogeneity, and (e) entropy. We analyzed fibronectin and fibrillin-2 as examples of fibrous ECM constituents. Our quantitative data demonstrated differences in the surface texture between the fibronectin and fibrillin-2 network in Day 1 (gastrulating) embryos, with the fibronectin network being relatively coarse compared to the fibrillin-2 network. Stage-specific regional anisotropy in fibronectin texture was also discovered. Relatively smooth fibronectin texture was exhibited in medial regions adjoining the primitive streak (PS) compared with the fibronectin network investing the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), at embryonic stage 5. However, the texture differences had changed by embryonic stage 6, with the LPM fibronectin network exhibiting a relatively smooth texture compared with the medial PS-oriented network. Our data identify, and partially characterize, stage-specific regional anisotropy of fibronectin texture within tissues of a warm-blooded embryo. The data suggest that changes in ECM textural properties reflect orderly time-dependent rearrangements of a primordial biomaterial. We conclude that the ECM microenvironment changes markedly in time and space during the most important period of amniote morphogenesis—as determined by fluctuating textural properties