1,256 research outputs found
Particle Detection Algorithms for Complex Plasmas
In complex plasmas, the behavior of freely floating micrometer sized
particles is studied. The particles can be directly visualized and recorded by
digital video cameras. To analyze the dynamics of single particles, reliable
algorithms are required to accurately determine their positions to sub-pixel
accuracy from the recorded images. Typically, straightforward algorithms are
used for this task. Here, we combine the algorithms with common techniques for
image processing. We study several algorithms and pre- and post-processing
methods, and we investigate the impact of the choice of threshold parameters,
including an automatic threshold detection. The results quantitatively show
that each algorithm and method has its own advantage, often depending on the
problem at hand. This knowledge is applicable not only to complex plasmas, but
useful for any kind of comparable image-based particle tracking, e.g. in the
field of colloids or granular matter
Anisotropic Acoustic Plasmons in Black Phosphorus
Recently, it was demonstrated that a graphene/dielectric/metal configuration
can support acoustic plasmons, which exhibit extreme plasmon confinement an
order of magnitude higher than that of conventional graphene plasmons. Here, we
investigate acoustic plasmons supported in a monolayer and multilayers of black
phosphorus (BP) placed just a few nanometers above a conducting plate. In the
presence of a conducting plate, the acoustic plasmon dispersion for the
armchair direction is found to exhibit the characteristic linear scaling in the
mid- and far-infrared regime while it largely deviates from that in the long
wavelength limit and near-infrared regime. For the zigzag direction, such
scaling behavior is not evident due to relatively tighter plasmon confinement.
Further, we demonstrate a new design for an acoustic plasmon resonator that
exhibits higher plasmon confinement and resonance efficiency than BP ribbon
resonators in the mid-infrared and longer wavelength regime. Theoretical
framework and new resonator design studied here provide a practical route
toward the experimental verification of the acoustic plasmons in BP and open up
the possibility to develop novel plasmonic and optoelectronic devices that can
leverage its strong in-plane anisotropy and thickness-dependent band gap
Calculation of the Electron Self Energy for Low Nuclear Charge
We present a nonperturbative numerical evaluation of the one-photon electron
self energy for hydrogenlike ions with low nuclear charge numbers Z=1 to 5. Our
calculation for the 1S state has a numerical uncertainty of 0.8 Hz for hydrogen
and 13 Hz for singly-ionized helium. Resummation and convergence acceleration
techniques that reduce the computer time by about three orders of magnitude
were employed in the calculation. The numerical results are compared to results
based on known terms in the expansion of the self energy in powers of (Z
alpha).Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX, 2 figure
The Stroke Data Bank: Design, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics
The National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke Initiated the Stroke Data Bank, which is a Multicenter Project to Prospectively Collect Data on the Clinical Course and Sequelae of Stroke. Additional Objectives Were to Provide Information that Would Enable a Standard Diagnostic Clinical Evaluation, to Identify Prognostic Factors, and to Provide Planning Data for Future Studies. a Brief Description of the Structure and Methods Precede the Baseline Characterization of 1,805 Patients Enrolled in the Stroke Data Bank between July 1983 and June 1986. Two Thirds of These Patients Were Admitted within 24 Hours after Stroke Onset. Medical History, Neurologic History, and Hospitalization Summaries Are Presented Separately for the Following Stroke Subtypes: Infarction, Unknown Cause; Embolism from Cardiac Source; Infarction Due to Atherosclerosis; Lacune; Parenchy-Matous or Intracerebral Hemorrhage; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; and Other. the Utility and Limitations of These Data Are Discussed. © 1988 American Heart Association, Inc
Gender and Aphasia in the Stroke Data Bank
Aphasia Was Present in 19.4% of the Men and 22.5% of the Women in the Stroke Data Bank. There Were No Gender Differences in Aphasia Incidence among the Intracerebral Hemorrhages. Aphasia Was More Frequent among Women with Infarcts (37.0%) Than Men (28.3%). When Stroke Mechanism Was Controlled For, There Was an Excess of Aphasia among the Women with Stroke Due to Cardiac Embolism. When Stroke Site Was Controlled For, There Were No Gender Differences in Aphasia Frequency. Wernicke′s, Global, and Anomic Aphasias Were More Common in Women Than Men; Broca′s Aphasia Was Somewhat More Common in Men. Although There Were No Gender Differences in Infarct Size overall, Men with Aphasia Had Larger Infarcts Than Women with Aphasia. Although Gender Differences Were Small, the Infarct Lesions Producing Aphasia in Men Were More Posteriorly Placed and the Infarct Lesions in Women Were More Anteriorly Placed, Suggesting Possible Gender Differences in the Positioning of the Language Zone in the Brain. © 1994 Academic Press, Inc
Determinants of Early Recurrence of Cerebral Infarction: The Stroke Data Bank
We Studied 1,273 Patients with Ischemic Cerebral Infarction Who Were Entered into the Stroke Data Bank, a Prospective, Observational Study Involving Four University Hospitals and the Biometry and Field Studies Branch of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Forty Patients Had Non-Iatrogenic Recurrent Stroke within 30 Days after the Index Cerebral Infarction. using Life Tables, the 30-Day Cumulative± SE Risk of Early Recurrence for All Infarctions Was 3.3±0.4%. the Risk of Early Recurrence Was Greatest for Atherothrombotic Infarction (7.9±2.2%, Eight of 113 Patients) and Least for Lacunar Infarction (2.2±1.2%, Eight of 337 Patients). Both Cardioembolic Infarction (4.3±0.9%, 10 of 246 Patients) and Infarction of Undetermined Cause (3.0±0.5%, 14 of 508 Patients) Had Intermediate Risks. History of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, as Well as Diastolic Hypertension and Elevated Blood Sugar Concentration at Admission, Were Associated with Early Recurrence. Logistic Regression Analysis Estimated the Risk of Early Recurrence to Be 8.56% in Those with Coexisting Hypertension and a Glucose Concentration of 300 Mg/dl Versus 0.77% in the Absence of These Two Abnormalities. Early Recurrence Was Associated with Longer Median Duration of Initial Hospital Stay (27 vs.. 14 Days) and a Higher 30-Day Case—fatality Rate (20% vs.. 7.4%). Increased Weakness Scores Were Associated with Early Recurrent Stroke. Identification of the Determinants of Early Recurrent Stroke May Lead to Better Secondary Prevention and May Help Select High-Risk Patients for Further Study. © 1989 American Heart Association, Inc
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