3,095 research outputs found

    A Dutch Woman in an English World: The Legacy of Alida Livingston of New York

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    In 1674, at the conclusion of the Third Dutch War, the Treaty of Westminster placed the Dutch New Netherlands permanently under English control. For the many businesswomen of Dutch heritage who resided in the New Netherlands during the late seventeenth century, this shift in colonial power resulted in a drastic loss of economic freedom and, in many cases, brought an end to their public business ventures. As Dutch businesswomen increasingly retreated from the public sphere, their need to document daily activities dwindled and records of their personal lives all but disappeared. A study of the correspondence of Alida Schuyler Livingston of New York, a member of the Schuyler family by birth and the Van Rensselaer and Livingston families by marriage, illuminates the life of an elite Dutch businesswoman during this transitional phase.;Alida\u27s husband, Robert Livingston, is recognized historically for his political and mercantile ventures. However, it was his wife who managed the couple\u27s vast resources, including 160,000 acres of manorial land, a bakery, brewery, gristmill and sawmill. The Livingstons\u27 agreement to settle -- and victual -- Palatine refugees at Livingston Manor during the early eighteenth century resulted in disastrous financial consequences for the Livingstons and deplorable conditions for the Palatines. Alida\u27s administration of the manor\u27s industries bolstered the family\u27s finances and permitted them to continue to trade during the worst economic experience of their marriage.;Alida Schuyler Livingston did not own land independently, write a joint will with her spouse or operate a business in her own name. However, her letters reveal that she managed and sold slaves, independently negotiated the price of wheat, supervised millers, bakers and brewers and conducted trade with local Indians during her lengthy marriage -- as her husband\u27s equal partner. Viewed through the lens of the twenty-first century, it is tempting to pity Alida\u27s years of hard work that resulted in a business empire attributed to her husband. In reality, Alida Livingston did what her mother and ancestors before her had done -- labored to provide financial security for her family, but under the constraints of English common law. It is through a study of her daily activities and relationships -- with her husband, children, tradesmen, slaves and employees -- that the extent of Alida Livingston\u27s contribution to the Livingston family legacy is revealed

    Predicting positive parity BsB_{s} mesons from lattice QCD

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    We determine the spectrum of BsB_s 1P states using lattice QCD. For the Bs1(5830)B_{s1}(5830) and Bs2βˆ—(5840)B_{s2}^*(5840) mesons, the results are in good agreement with the experimental values. Two further mesons are expected in the quantum channels JP=0+J^P=0^+ and 1+1^+ near the BKBK and Bβˆ—KB^{*}K thresholds. A combination of quark-antiquark and B(βˆ—)B^{(*)} meson-Kaon interpolating fields are used to determine the mass of two QCD bound states below the B(βˆ—)KB^{(*)}K threshold, with the assumption that mixing with Bs(βˆ—)Ξ·B_s^{(*)}\eta and isospin-violating decays to Bs(βˆ—)Ο€B_s^{(*)}\pi are negligible. We predict a JP=0+J^P=0^+ bound state Bs0B_{s0} with mass mBs0=5.711(13)(19)m_{B_{s0}}=5.711(13)(19) GeV. With further assumptions motivated theoretically by the heavy quark limit, a bound state with mBs1=5.750(17)(19)m_{B_{s1}}= 5.750(17)(19) GeV is predicted in the JP=1+J^P=1^+ channel. The results from our first principles calculation are compared to previous model-based estimates.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; Final versio

    Charmonia in moving frames

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    Lattice simulation of charmonium resonances with non-zero momentum provides additional information on the two-meson scattering matrices. However, the reduced rotational symmetry in a moving frame renders a number of states with different JPJ^P in the same lattice irreducible representation. The identification of JPJ^P for these states is particularly important, since quarkonium spectra contain a number of states with different JPJ^P in a relatively narrow energy region. Preliminary results concerning spin-identification are presented in relation to our study of charmonium resonances in flight on the Nf=2+1 CLS ensembles.Comment: 6 pages, presented at the 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 18-24 June 2017, Granada, Spai
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