Comparative Analysis of E–Shape and H-Shape Microstrip Slotted Antenna on the Basis of Return Loss and Bandwidth

icro-strip patch antenna is more popular as compared to other antennas and widely used today in modern wireless communication system because of its elegant weight, low fabrication price, easy to feed, ease to fabricate, easy to analyze, and attractive radiation characteristics. Though patch antennahas several advantages but has some disadvantages as well, like limited bandwidth and low gain. In last few years, Different techniques such as Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure, artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)/ and modifying the structure of microstrip patch antenna are used to overcome the above mentioned limitations. In this paper, we propose two different geometry shape antennas i.e. E and H-shaped which is developed from the rectangular patch and compare the performance of the proposed antennas on the basis of gain and Bandwidth with the same physical dimensions. The CST Micro studio simulator is used to study the antennas. Bandwidth and Return loss of E-shaped Antenna is much better than that of H-shaped antenna. The results obtained clearly demonstrations that, the implementation of the E-Shape is much better in term of bandwidth and return loss compared to the H-shaped patch antenna. So it’s better to use E-shaped antenna for modern wireless communication system

Singly-fed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with a wide circular polarization bandwidth and beamwidth for WiMAX/satellite applications

A rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has been excited using a unique conformal H-shaped metal strip. Using this excitation, the degenerate mode pair of first higher orderTE d13 x and TE 1d3 y has been excited for bandwidth improvement and high gain. A broadband circular polarization (CP) over a bandwidth of -20% (3.67-4.4 GHz) in conjunction with a wide impedance-matching bandwidth of -27.7% (3.67-4.73 GHz) has been achieved. A CP beamwidth of 89° has been offered by the antenna in F = 0° plane and -32° in F = 90° plane. A high gain of -6.8 dBic has been provided by the antenna, which is a significant improvement to those circularly polarized rectangular DRAs reported in the literature for similar applications. This broad CP bandwidth and beamwidth can be considerably beneficial for the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and satellite applications. Furthermore, the proposed antenna has been fabricated to validate the simulated results. The measured results have been observed to agree well with the simulated results

Design of a support system handling imperfect scattered data (application to early detection of Ganoderma Fungus infection in oil palm tree)

Les contraintes d'accessibilité ou de non destruction amène parfois l'instrumentation à ne pas permettre d'obtenir une image complète du phénomène observe. Si les capteurs sont de plus en plus fiables et précis, leur miniaturisation (mobilité) ou leur utilisation dans des environnements difficiles (qualité de réception de signal, conditions d'acquisitions, etc.) entraîne une imperfection sensible des données acquises. L'imperfection des données s'exprime classiquement en terme d'imprécision, d'inconsistance, d' incertitude et d'incomplétude. Ce travail porte sur la gestion de données ponctuelles et imparfaites, dans le but d apporter une aide pour apporter la décision la plus fiable possible, sous une contrainte de lisibilité pour un expert humain. Un système d'aide à la décision est conçu a partir du modèle de développement en cascade guidé par humain pour répondre à ce besoin. Fondée sur une hiérarchisation des phases d'interpolation et de classification des observations notre approche vise a reconstruire une estimée de l'image 2D non atteignable. La perte informative due a ces premières phases est alors compensée par la possibilité d'injecter des connaissances exogènes pertinentes a l'aide d'un système d'inférence flou. Notre système de prise de décision est basé sur la fusion de l'évidence en utilisant la combinaison de Dempster Shafer. Après avoir aborde le problème de l'initialisation des masses ainsi que de la règle de combinaison de ces masses, nous proposons une combinaison de Dempster Shafer adaptative pour fusionner les informations locales de l'image. Cette étude est dans un deuxième temps appliquée a un problème de diagnostic quasi non invasif de maladie dans des arbres sur pied, dans des plantations en Malaisie. L'industrie malaisienne liée au palmier à huile, première exportatrice mondiale d'huile de palme, est particulièrement affectée par cette infection. Notre approche consiste en l'estimation d'une cartographie interne de l'état phytosanitaire d'une section du tronc. A l'aide d'un tomographe sonore fournissant quelques points de mesure, nous produisons une image sonore représentative des modifications de la densité et de la structure du bois. Un processus de traitement d'image associe est alors associe a un système expert flou afin d'intégrer de manière souple des connaissances expertes sur cette image a faible niveau d'information. Notre approche a été validée par des expérimentations in situ a l aide d'un prototype conçu au laboratoire et valide par le Malaysian Palm Oil Board; ce prototype permet a l'expert d'estimer de manière plus objective l'état parasitaire des arbres sujets a l'infection par le Ganoderma Fungus.Limitation in accessibility and constrain to perform non destruction observation imply difficulties faced by equipments to acquire complete information on the phenomena understudy. Even as the sensors have become increasingly reliable and accurate, their miniaturization (hand held) or their deployment in a hostile environment (signal reception quality, acquisition condition, etc...) implies significant imperfection in the acquired data. The imperfection of the data is expressed classically in term of imprecision, inconsistency, uncertainty and incompleteness. This work concerns the management of spatially distributed and imperfect data, with the objective of providing assistance to bring the most reliable possible decision, with the constraint of making it legible by a human expert. A Decision Support System based on Human Driven Waterfall Model is proposed to fulfill this requirement. Based on the hierarchisation of data interpolation and observation classification phase, our approach aims to rebuild an estimated non attainable 2D image. The loss of information due to these first few phases is later compensated by the possibility of injecting relevant expert knowledge modeled using a Fuzzy Inference System. Our decision making system is based on fusion of evidence using Dempster Shafer combination. After solving the problem of mass initialization and mass combination rules, we propose an adaptive Dempster Shafer combination to combine regional information from the image. In the second phase of this work, the study is then applied in a quasi non invasive diagnostic of tree health problems near the lower trunk in oil palm plantations in Malaysia. The palm oil industries in Malaysia, which is the main palm oil exporter in the world, is severely affected by the infection. Our approach consists of the internal cartography estimation of the phyto-sanitary state of a cross section of the trunk understudy. From the sonic tomography image which provides some measurement points, we produce a sound image representing the modifications of structural and density of the stem. An image processing technique together with a fuzzy inference system is used to integrate experts knowledge on the low information level image. Our approach was validated by in situ experiments using a prototype designed at the laboratory and validated by Malaysian Palm Oil Board; this prototype allows an expert to estimate in a more objective way the health condition of the Ganoderma infected trees.LA ROCHELLE-BU (173002101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Recognizing and classifying sound propagation in oil palm stem for tomography construction.

International audienc

The Application areas in Swarm Robotics Intelligence in underwater environment.

Swarm robotics systems (SRS) are group of robotics, in which large groups of robots are able to display collective intelligent behavior. Control in a SRS, each robot works on its local observations about environment and shares information with neighboring robots. The swarm behavior emerges from the relation between neighboring robots with respect to the interactions between robots and the environment. Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) are network monitoring systems in underwater environments. Sensor nodes in these networks are equipped with sensing, acoustic communication, and computational capabilities, and can forward sensed information to sink nodes for processing and analysis in a one-hop or multi-hop manner

Performance Evaluation of Load-Balancing Algorithms with Different Service Broker Policies for Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has seen a major boom during the past few years. Many people have switched to cloud computing because traditional systems require complex resource distribution and cloud solutions are less expensive. Load balancing (LB) is one of the essential challenges in cloud computing used to balance the workload of cloud services. This research paper presents a performance evaluation of the existing load-balancing algorithms which are particle swarm optimization (PSO), round robin (RR), equally spread current execution (ESCE), and throttled load balancing. This study offers a detailed performance evaluation of various load-balancing algorithms by employing a cloud analyst platform. Efficiency concerning various service broker policy configurations for load-balancing algorithms’ virtual machine load balance was also calculated using metrics such as optimized response time (ORT), data center processing time (DCPT), virtual machine costs, data transfer costs, and total cost for different workloads and user bases. Many of the past papers that were mentioned in the literature worked on round robin and equally spread current execution, and throttled load-balancing algorithms were based on efficiency and response time in virtual machines without recognizing the relation between the task and the virtual machines, and the practical significance of the application. A comparison of specific load-balancing algorithms has been investigated. Different service broker policy (SBP) tests have been conducted to illustrate the load-balancing algorithm capabilities

Extraction of information based on experts knowledge rules to recognize ganoderma infection in tomography image

International audienc