Material Compatibility And Fuel Properties For E10 And E85

Gasoline fuel in current automotive trend has lead to higher emission rate and increases the air pollution. Ethanol blends is suitable as alternative fuel to replace the gasoline because it increase the oxygen percentage in the mixture and lead to lean combustion. Extensive study is needed to determine the properties of the ethanol blend that relate to the material compatibility of fuel system component. Immersion testing which specified under SAE standard which are J1748 (8) for polymeric material and J1747 (7) for metallic material is a testing required to test the material compatibility of used-Honda Accord 2.0-L (1996) which comprises fuel regulator, fuel line and fuel injector. The effect of the fuels to the fuel system component is to be visually studied in term of corrosion, surface crack and fatigue. Result of the experiment can be use for further examination to prove the feasibility of the ethanol blend fuel

Extended aeration : a comparative study between prefabricated reinforced fiberglass and concrete cast in-situ plants

The choice of wastewater treatment plants for any application depends on the quality of raw sewage, the required quality of treated water and the economics resources available to pay for both capital cost and operating cost of the treatment plants. The performance of any wastewater treatment plants does not only depend on the construction cost but will also cover the cost and method of operation and maintenance, quality of effluent treated, internal, external and design factors. While potential for identifying a better type of wastewater treatment plant does exist, very modest efforts have been attempted. This study compares and contrasts two of the most commonly used extended aeration systems for small to medium size sewage treatment plants, namely prefabricated reinforced fibreglass and cast in-situ systems. The selected treatment plants are under the jurisdiction of Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd. (IWK), Terengganu. The flow of raw sewage and the performance of the treatment plants based on effluent quality (i.e. BOD, COD and SS) and electricity cost were assessed. Three treatment plants from both types of systems were studied for a period of five months. It was found that a small to medium size treatment plants suffer high variation in term of flow and organic loading. It seemed obvious that the cast in-situ treatment plants not only built structurally better and ease of operation, but also giving better effluent standard and consumed lower electricity cost

Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Thermally Conductive Fillers Filled Polypropylene Composites

The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of various fillers for example (such as) carbon nanotube (MWNT), synthetic diamond (SD), boron nitride (BN) and copper (Cu) on the properties of polypropylene (PP) composites. This composite was compounded using two roll mill mixing method and the filler content was loaded from 1 to 4 volume %. It was observed that the PP/SD, PP/BN and PP/Cu exhibited maximum tensile strength at 2 volume % and a reduction trend can be observed after 2 volume %. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the fractured structure of the composites, and it was observed that agglomeration increased as the filler loading increased. Thermal conductivity, thermal stability, coefficient of thermalexpansion (CTE) and storage modulus of the composites were improved by addition of fillers in PP. Among these four fillers, MWNT showed greater potential in improving thermal properties of PP composites. In the second series, the effects of hybrid filler (MWNT/SD and MWNT/BN) in PP composites were studied. The results showed that the thermal conductivity, thermal stability, coefficient of thermal expansion and storage modulus of the hybrid composites were improved if compared to single fillers composites. However, the tensile and flexural properties of hybrid composites were noted to be lower than the single composites. In the third series, the improvements in the compounding were carried out by using two compounding methods; planetary ball mill and two roll mill. Enhancement in strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity and storage modulus of the composites has been observed in this system. Nevertheless, the thermal stability was found to be reduced as the two compounding methods were used in the fabrication process

Tasawur teori pembangunan lazim: analisis daripada perspektif tasawur Islam

Dalam membangunkan negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, ada sesetengah pihak dalam kalangan umat Islam mendakwa teori pembangunan lazim (PL) boleh digunakan asalkan ia tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Pemikiran sebegini telah lama wujud dalam ekonomi Islam. Ia dikenali sebagai aliran pemikiran akomodatif-modifikasi dengan sifat elektisme-metodologik. Berhubung isu inilah, kajian ini dilakukan bagi mencapai dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti latar belakang kemunculan teori PL serta tasawurnya dan kedua, menganalisis tasawur teori PL tersebut daripada perspektif tasawur Islam. Kajian kualitatif yang berbentuk penjelasan ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis elemen-elemen tasawur teori PL. Kajian ini mendapati teori PL tidak boleh digunakan untuk membangunkan negara-negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, kerana falsafah atau tasawurnya jelas berpaksikan Falsafah Pasca-Klasikal dan Falsafah Radikal. Apabila teori PL berpaksikan kedua-dua falsafah ini, maka matlamat akhir pembangunan itu hanya terhad untuk mendapatkan keuntungan ekonomi semata-mata; manusia dianggap sebagai makhluk ekonomi; menafikan Allah SWT sebagai Pencipta sumber alam; agama dianggap sebagai alat pembangunan dan elemen-elemen asas tasawurnya hanya berbentuk mendatar (tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan Allah SWT)

Mother-infant signalling during breastfeeding and infant growth: an investigation of physiological, psychological and anthropological aspects of infant feeding

Lactation is a dynamic process involving complex physiological signalling and behavioural negotiation between mother and the infant. Challenging behaviour amongst breastfed infants has been associated with higher milk cortisol, demonstrating maternal potential to shape infant behaviour by the transmission of bioactive factors in milk. Maternal psychological state is also recognised to be influential, largely affecting milk production. Thus increased stress can disrupt milk flow, whilst milk ejection can be improved by relaxation therapy; previously shown in mothers of pre-term infants. However, these mother-infant factors are inter-related, making it difficult to define cause and effect using an observational study design. Therefore, I aimed to investigate biological and anthropological aspects of mother-infant signalling during breastfeeding using an experimental approach. Maternal psychological state was manipulated using relaxation therapy in mothers breastfeeding their full-term infant to test the primary hypothesis that the intervention would reduce maternal stress, favourably affect breast milk composition and positively influence infant behaviour and growth; and the secondary hypotheses that milk composition (including hormones) and infant characteristics (temperament, appetite, gender) would associate with infant growth. Pregnant women, recruited from antenatal clinics in Malaysia, were randomised postnatally into control (no treatment) and intervention (audio relaxation recording) groups. Home visits were performed at 2-3, 6-8 and 12-14 weeks to assess infant anthropometry, maternal stress and infant behaviour, and to collect fore- and hindmilk samples for composition including cortisol, ghrelin and leptin. The relaxation therapy was effective in reducing maternal stress during lactation, favourably affecting breast milk composition and positively influencing infant sleeping behaviour and growth. Infant temperament, appetite and breast milk hormones were also found to be associated with infant growth. Overall, this thesis presents results based on the primary and secondary hypotheses, explores potential pathways for intervention effects, and discusses the findings from a biological and anthropological perspective

Distributed Object Medical Imaging Model

Abstract- Digital medical informatics and images are commonly used in hospitals today,. Because of the interrelatedness of the radiology department and other departments, especially the intensive care unit and emergency department, the transmission and sharing of medical images has become a critical issue. Our research group has developed a Java-based Distributed Object Medical Imaging Model(DOMIM) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of medical imaging applications in a distributed environment that can be shared and used by related departments and mobile physiciansDOMIM is a unique suite of multimedia telemedicine applications developed for the use by medical related organizations. The applications support realtime patients’ data, image files, audio and video diagnosis annotation exchanges. The DOMIM enables joint collaboration between radiologists and physicians while they are at distant geographical locations. The DOMIM environment consists of heterogeneous, autonomous, and legacy resources. The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), and Java language provide the capability to combine the DOMIM resources into an integrated, interoperable, and scalable system. The underneath technology, including IDL ORB, Event Service, IIOP JDBC/ODBC, legacy system wrapping and Java implementation are explored. This paper explores a distributed collaborative CORBA/JDBC based framework that will enhance medical information management requirements and development. It encompasses a new paradigm for the delivery of health services that requires process reengineering, cultural changes, as well as organizational changes

Material Compatibility And Fuel Properties For E10 And E85

Gasoline fuel in current automotive trend has lead to higher emission rate and increases the air pollution. Ethanol blends is suitable as alternative fuel to replace the gasoline because it increase the oxygen percentage in the mixture and lead to lean combustion. Extensive study is needed to determine the properties of the ethanol blend that relate to the material compatibility of fuel system component. Immersion testing which specified under SAE standard which are J1748 (8) for polymeric material and J1747 (7) for metallic material is a testing required to test the material compatibility of used-Honda Accord 2.0-L (1996) which comprises fuel regulator, fuel line and fuel injector. The effect of the fuels to the fuel system component is to be visually studied in term of corrosion, surface crack and fatigue. Result of the experiment can be use for further examination to prove the feasibility of the ethanol blend fuel

Multi planes balancing of rotating element / Muhammad Zuraidi Mohd Shukri

Unbalance is the most common source of vibration in machines with rotating parts. Unbalance in rotor is the result of an uneven distribution of mass causes the rotor to vibrate excessively at running speed .Balancing in rotors prevent excessive loading of bearings and avoid fatigue failure, thus increasing the useful of machinery. In this project, multiple planes unbalance problem was used to induce dynamic unbalance problem and theoretical calculation using influence coefficient method was use to solve it. The vibratory analysis of rotating machine was used to illustrate this behavior. This experimental procedure was carried out using trial mass calculation the influent coefficient and then the corrected mass value and location was experimentally carried out. Finally, the balanced rotor is trimmed with additional mass to perfectly balance the rotor. Based on the result of mass balance, it is expected that the theoretical result and experiment result will be identical

PELAKSANAAN PEMBANGUNAN BERTERASKAN ISLAM: KAJIAN KES KOMUNITI ISLAM BAN NUA, HATYAI, THAILAND

The Ban Nua Muslim community is a Muslim community that is smack in themiddle of the non-Muslim community (Buddhist) in Hatyai, Thailand. Althoughthey are a small community and are is such a predicament, they are still able toimplement Islamic-based development (IbD). In other words, they are able todevelop an Islamic community complete with numerous infrastructures such as amosque, not only as a place for prayer but it has a clinic, a library, a conferencehall, a cooperative and a Zakat Centre (Baitul Zakat). Besides that, this Islamiccommunity has a school that adheres to the Islamic education system. They notonly have worked hard to develop the physical aspects but also the spiritualaspects. The physical aspects were developed through general religious servitudesuch as employment, seeking knowledge, stimulating the community’s economy, business and homestay services, while the spiritual aspects were developed through specific religious servitudes such as prayers, fasting, running the Zakat Centre, reciting the al-Qur’an, devotional recitations (zikr) and giving alms (sadaqah). The question is what tasawwur (worldview) was used to design their development? and how was the tasawwur formed? To answer both thesequestions, this article has two objectives. First, to identify the tasawwur that has designed the development of the Ban Nua Islamic community; and second, to analyse the developmental worldview of the Ban Nua Islamic community. Thefindings from the qualitative research had found that the development of the Ban Nua Islamic community in Hatyai, Thailand was designed according to altasawwur al-Islamiy (Islamic worldview). It has three main elements such asibadah (religious servitude), imarah (general or social leadership) and khalifah(religious leadership). Based on this tasawwur the development of the Ban NuaIslamic community in Hatyai, Thailand was implemented

The impact of Singapore’s military development on Malaysia’s security

In this intense era of military and defense development in South East Asia, Singapore has emergence as the fastest country in the development of military capabilities.The rapid military development that started in 1965 has made Singapore become the strongest and finest in military and defense compared to other Southeast Asia nations. Singapore’s decision to be independent from Malaysia has forced it to be self-reliant, especially in terms of security and defense.Singapore adopted the approach to develop and strengthen its defense and military system after achieving independence in 1965.Its increasing economic development in1990 has influenced the military development process and defense system.This rapid expansion has made Singapore emergence as the strongest and most advanced in military capabilities country in the Southeast Asian region.The offensive defense doctrine practiced such as forward defense, poison shrimp, pre-emptive strike and strategic weaponry ownership had raised concerns among leaders in the Southeast Asian countries.At the same time, Malaysia has also taken action to speed up its military development, diversifying the defense doctrine including total defense, complete military with modern and sophisticated defense equipment.It is speculated as a result of the security impact that Malaysia face from Singapore’s military development.Hence, this study tries to elaborate the impact or security implications on Malaysia resulting from Singapore’s military development from the Malaysian military perspective