Pemprosesan Kimia ke atas Buangan Pertanian Padi

The production process of 2-furaldehyde (furfural) from agricultural wastes including the husk, leaf and straw was investigated chemically. Three types of pro tic acid were tested with respect to its cataly tic activity. The effect of hydrochloric acid concentration on the yield percentage was also investigated

Phaeanthine and Limacine from Phaeanthus crassipetalus Becc.

Phaeanthus crassipetalus Becc.(Fam: Annonaceae) has been studied. Two major alkaloids have been isolated and characterised based on their spectral information. The alkaloids, phaeanthine (l) and limacine (II), show antibacterial properties against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

Chemical Conversion of the Oil Palm Wastes

The production of a 2-furaldehyde (furfural) from mesocarp fibre waste and oil palm sludge from a palm oil mill using protic acids was investigated. The effect of immersion of fibre in acid prior to heating was also studied. Production of furfural was completed in 3-4 hours when hydrochloric (HCI) or sulfuric (H2S04 ) acids were used as the catalyst whereas a longer reaction time was required in the case of phosphoric (H3P04 ) or oxalic (H2C20 4 ) acids. The experiment showed that the rates of furfural production were increased when higher acid concentrations were applied. Immersion of fibre in the acids for 24 hours prior to reaction increased the furfural yield. The chemical conversion of sludge from the palm oil mill was also investigated. A similar acid concentration effect on the rate was observed

Preparation and characterization of chemically deposited Cu4SnS4 thin films

Thin films of Cu4SnS4 were grown by chemical bath deposition technique. The deposition parameters such as bath temperature (50 °C), deposition time (120 min), electrolyte concentration (0.05 M) and bath pH (pH 1.5) were optimized to obtain good quality of films. The thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy in order to study the structural and surface morphological properties. The band gap energy, transition type and absorption properties were determined using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of polycrystalline in nature and the most intense peak occurred at 2q = 30.2° which belongs to (221) plane of Cu4SnS4. Atomic force microscopy image reveals that grains are uniformly distributed over the surface of substrate. An optical absorption study shows the presence of direct transition with band gap energy of 1.6 eV

Morphological Studies Of Dhsa/Dhsa-Octyl Ester/Rbd Palm Kernel Olein/Medium Chain Triglycerides System

Dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) and octyl dihydroxystearate (DHSA-octyl ester) have been previously prepared from palm oleic acid and preliminary results showed that these compounds are suitable in personal care and cosmetics products. The objective of this research is to study the phase behavior in ternary system of DHSA/DHSA-octyl ester/RBD Palm Kernel Olein (RBDPKOo) & MCT at 85oC. From the ternary phase diagram, results showed that all ratios of were completely in two-phase region with various concentrations of RBDPKOo and MCT. The phase changes were observed through polarizing light while the formation of texture was confirmed using polarizing microscope combination with heating. Needles and spherulite textures were found in this system

The Alkaloids of Lindera pipericarpa Boerl (Lauraceae)

The alkaloids ofLindera pipericarpa were isolated and characterized as N-methyllaurotetanine, iscocorydine, and nor-isocorydin

Preparation and characterization of conducting polymer composite films: polypyrrole and polyethylene glycol

Polypyrrole-poly ethylene glycol (Ppy -PEG) composites were synthesized by electrochemical method using p-toluene sulfonate as a dopant in aqueous medium. Polyethylene glycol was used as the insulating material in order to impart enhanced mechanical properties to the conducting polymer composite films. The composite films were synthesized with various percentages of PEG, and were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, conductivity measurement, optical microscopy (OP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The FT-IR result reveals the successful incorporation of PEG into the polypyrrole structure forming Ppy-PEG composite films. The conductivity of the composite films prepared from using 0.20% PEG was found to exhibit the highest conductivity (61.28 Scm-1) among all the prepared composite films measured at room temperature. The optical microscopy of Ppy -PEG shows the globular surface morphology. The XRD analysis of Ppy -PEG composite films shows that the composite films are amorphous. The enhanced mechanical properties of the Ppy -PEG composite films are the direct consequence of incorporating PEG in the polypyrrole structure

Chemical constituents from stem barks and roots of murraya koenigii (Rutaceae)

Four carbazole alkaloids, identified as mahanimbine (1), girinimbine (2), murrayanine (3) murrayafoline-A (4) and one triterpene were isolated from stem bark and roots of Murraya koenigii. The structures of these compounds were established by infra-red (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC and HMBC) spectroscopy

Influence of bath temperature and PH value on properties of chemically deposited CU4SNS4 thin films.

Thin films of Cu4SnS4 semiconductors were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique in aqueous solutions. The effects of various bath temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) and pH values (pH 0.5, pH 1.0 and pH 1.5) on growth of films were reported. The structure and morphology characteristics of thin films of Cu4SnS4 grown on indium tin oxide glass substrates were investigated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy techniques. The optical properties were measured to determine the transition type and band gap value. The thin films produced were found to be polycrystalline with orthorhombic structure. The X-ray diffraction data showed that the most intense peak at 20 = 30.2° which belongs to (221) plate of Cu4SnS4. The films deposited at 50 °C were found to have the best photoresponse activity and smaller crystal size. At pH 1.5, the film showed well-covered entire substrate surface and the highest absorption values in AFM and optical study, respectively. The best condition to prepare good quality thin films can be carried out at 50 °C with pH 1.5. The bandgap value was found to be 1.4 eV with direct transition

Challenges in embracing virtual reality from healthcare professional’s perspective: a qualitative study

Virtual reality (VR) in healthcare is relatively new concept and the views of healthcare professionals (HCPs) on its potential should be studied. We set out to investigate the perception of HCPs concerning VR’s feasibility and utility in healthcare. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted among HCPs in a medical teaching institution in the Klang Valley, Malaysia from March until July 2021. Focus group discussions were held using semi-structured questions consisting of four categories i.e., utility, training, development and resources and obstacles were developed deductively prior to the study. They were analysed using thematic coding. The data were presented in the form of categories, themes and quotes. Seven doctors, four allied health professionals and four science officers were among the fifteen respondents. A total of 16 themes were derived out of the four categories which were usage, purpose, new modality, individual experience, patient safety, trainer trainer safety, training standardisation, logistic, interactivity, cost to consumers, potentiality, management support, limitation, funding, lack of expertise, and mindset ignorance. Apart from safety concerns, high VR technology costs were expected to become more affordable in the future. Cybersickness was also of a concern. This study demonstrated that VR was feasible in healthcare education and practice if several critical factors were considered, including increased funding, a more favourable mindset, increased visibility, awareness of available resources and increased collaboration between technical and subject matter experts. As VR acts as simulation, VR ensures trainee's, teacher's and patient's safety while allowing more flexible training in a variety of clinical scenarios