Properties of Nanogenerator Materials for Energy-Harvesting Application

Advancements in nanotechnology and materials science have led to the development of a variety of nanogenerator materials with improved properties, making energy harvesting technologies increasingly viable for various applications, such as powering wearable devices, remote sensors, and even small electronic gadgets in the future. The evolution of hybrid materials consisting of polymers and nanoparticles as efficient energy harvesters and energy storage devices is in high demand nowadays. Most investigations on organic ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) as a polymer host of polymer nanocomposite devices were primally focused on the β phase due to its excellent electrical properties for various application purposes. Nanofiller is also introduced into the polymer host to produce a polymer nanocomposite with enhanced properties. A brief description of various physical quantities related to ferroelectric, dielectric, pyroelectric effects and Thermally Stimulated Current (TSC) for energy harvesting applications in nanogenerator materials is presented. This article explores the different materials and uses of various nanogenerators. It explains the basics of the pyroelectric effect and the structure of pyroelectric nanogenerators (PNGs), as well as recent advancements in micro/nanoscale devices. Additionally, it discusses how the performance of ferroelectric, dielectric, pyroelectric, and TSC are impacted by the annealing treatment of P(VDF-TrFE) polymer

THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF HEAVY TRUCK

While braking, most of the kinetic energy are converted into thermal energy and increase the disc temperature. This project consists of thermal stress analysis on heavy truck brake disc rotor for steady state and transient condition. The heat dissipated along the brake disc surface during the periodic braking via conduction, convection and radiation. In order to get the stable and accurate result of element size, time step selection is very important and all of these aspects are discussed in this paper. The findings of this research provide a useful design tool to improve the brake performance of disc brake system

Performance Analysis of A Spark Ignition Engine Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Fuel

AbstractCompress natural gas (CNG) is also considered as alternative fuel to produce better emission in a vehicle, but the main disadvantage of CNG in comparison to liquid fuel (gasoline) is the lack of power produced for the same capacity of engine. In this study, the single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine was selected in order to study the effect CNG into the spark ignition engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to study the performance of CNG and liquid fuel. The usage of sensor also applies to the test to extract the data during the ignition stage for liquid fuel and CNG. The heat generated by both types of fuel also had been extracted from the tested engine in order to define which usage of fuel would cause a higher heat transfer to the engine. From this study, the result showed that pressure inside cylinder for CNG is 20% less than gasoline. CNG fuel also produced 23% less heat transfer rate compared to gasoline. The results explained why CNG produced 18.5% lower power compared to liquid fuel (gasoline).So, some improvement needs to be done in order to use CNG as fuel

Thermal Analysis of Ventilated Disc Brake Rotor for UTeM Formula Varsity Race Car

A new design of disc brake using ventilated rotor was developed for the UTeM Formula Varsity racing car. Compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) was proposed as the material for the disc brake rotor. Thermal analysis was performed in this project to assess the component performance using ABAQUS/CAE v6.7-1 finite element analysis software both in transient condition. Results from the analysis show that the maximum temperature generated on the disc brake surface at the end of the braking procedure for transient condition was within the allowable service temperature of the ventilated rotor material. Thus, the new disc brake rotor is safe for operation and is expected to perform successfully as per design requirement

Performance Analysis Of A Spark Ignition Engine Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) As Fuel

Compress natural gas (CNG) is also considered as alternative fuel to produce better emission in a vehicle, but the main disadvantage of CNG in comparison to liquid fuel (gasoline) is the lack of power produced for the same capacity of engine. In this study, the single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine was selected in order to study the effect CNG into the spark ignition engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to study the performance of CNG and liquid fuel. The usage of sensor also applies to the test to extract the data during the ignition stage for liquid fuel and CNG. The heat generated by both types of fuel also had been extracted from the tested engine in order to define which usage of fuel would cause a higher heat transfer to the engine. From this study, the result showed that pressure inside cylinder for CNG is 20% less than gasoline. CNG fuel also produced 23% less heat transfer rate compared to gasoline. The results explained why CNG produced 18.5% lower power compared to liquid fuel (gasoline).So, some improvement needs to be done in order to use CNG as fuel

Synthesis, characterization, and demulsification of water in crude oil emulsion via a corn oil-based demulsifier

Natural product-based materials have gained significant interest in replacing the petroleum-based oil chemicals with environmentally friendly materials. A corn oil-based demulsifier has been successfully synthesized by the condensation reaction of corn oil with diethanolamine in the presence of a catalyst applied during separation via a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. The demulsifier was characterized by FTIR, GC-MS, and LC-QTOF-MS analyses. The surfactant’s separation efficacy was studied using the Sany-glass test. The results showed that this new product efficiently demulsified the W/O emulsion with 98% separation achieved. The influence of settling time, demulsifier dosage, and temperature on the demulsification efficiency were investigated. The separation efficiency increased with increasing settling time, demulsifier dose and the temperature conditions accelerate the demulsification process. As well, the interfacial tension decreases with increases of the demulsifier dose

Eco-friendly surfactant to demulsification water in oil emulsion: synthesis, characterization and application

The need to replace of petroleum-based oil field chemicals with materials sourced from natural products has received significant attention owing to the eco-friendliness of these nature-based materials. In this study, we focused on the synthesis of a surfactant for use as a demulsifier for a water-in-oil emulsion. The demulsifier was synthesised via conden- sation reactions of corn oil with diethanolamine in the presence of a catalyst. The sur- factant was characterised by FTIR, NMR, and GC–MS analyses. The separation efficiency of the surfactant was studied using bottle tests. The water separation from the emulsion 97% was achieved. The influence of the concentration and settling time on the demulsification efficiency was investigated. The result showed that increasing the concentration and set- tling time resulted in increased separation efficiency of the emulsion. The results of this investigation demonstrated the suitability of using corn oil in the synthesis of a surfactant as a demulsifier for crude oil emulsion. Nevertheless, more investigations are required to determine the mechanisms to optimise the system for industrial applications

Formation of Cr23C6 during the Sensitization of AISI 304 Stainless Steel and its Effect to Pitting Corrosion

The metallic carbide precipitation was observed after the sensitization of AISI 304 stainless steel specimens in neutral flame by using oxy-fuel and slowly cooled in the air. Correlation between corrosion and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) shows that the enrichment of Cr23C6 in the microstructure of AISI 304 worsens the pitting corrosion resistance properties as the sensitization time increases from 5 to 60 s. However, the precipitation dissolved and corrosion resistance properties improved after the specimens treated in solution quenching treatment at 1130 oC, soaked from 24 – 120 min, then rapidly cooled in water

Image Classification of Temperature Distribution Using Fourier Series Strategy

Abstract

Characteristics of Impingement Diesel SPray Adhesion on a Flat Wall

Many researchers since last decade have been looking forward to improving diesel engine performance through keeping low harmful emission. The aim of this study was to clarify the fundamental characteristics of nonevaporated impinging spray and adhesion behavior of fuel by measuring the adhering fuel mass on a wall. In this study, a fuel injection system, a high pressure vessel and an image processing unit for impingement spray were used. Experimental investigations were carried out with various injection pressures from 40 MPa to 170 MPa and ambient pressures from 0.1 MPa to 4.0 MPa. The impingement distances were set from 30 mm to 90 mm. The results showed the adhered fuel mass was affected by impingement distances. The adhered mass ratio was inversely proportional to injection pressure. At higher ambient pressure and higher the injection pressure, adhered mass fuel tended to decrease. Adhered fuel mass ratio had the potential to decline after reaching its peak when impingement velocity decreased beyond a critical velocity