A review of gelatin: properties, sources, process, applications, and commercialisation

This review begins with a discussion of the general properties of gelatin and its sources, particularly in the food and health industries, and then briefly address the status quo of gelatin in today’s market. Apart from the basic chemical compounds and gelatin types, this paper also discussed the commercialisation of gelatin. This study also highlights the production of conventional gelatin and its current method of processing, i.e. enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the variety of raw materials of collagen is outlined and briefly broached the plant hydrocolloids which have been labeled as ’veggie-gelatin’. With regard to the potential and market stability of gelatin, its recent studies are summarised in this paper. Accordingly, this paper focuses on assessing the general utilities of the various sources of collagen as gelatin derivatives. At that basis, the aim of this review is to provide an insight into gelatin in current applications, market value and progress in gelatin extraction

Tilapia wastes to valuable materials: A brief review of biomedical, wastewater treatment, and biofuel applications

Scale, skin, internal organs, viscera, trimmings, bone, tails, and fins are common fish wastes that are dif�ficult to dispose of. Discarded fish wastes have become a global environmental concern. The conversion of fish waste into valuable materials, on the other hand, is currently in high demand around the world. In over 120 countries, there are numerous tilapia species available on the market. However, because of its low commercial value, tilapia wastes are discarded. This brief review summarises recent works on tilapia wastes utilisation in three areas: biomedical applications such as wound dressing treatment, synthesis of hydroxyapatite and gelatin extraction, wastewater treatment, and biofuel. The recovery of valuable mate�rials from tilapia biowaste helps to reduce the environmental problems caused by discarded tilapia waste