Z formal specification of functional requirement / Nursyahidah Alias, Mohd Norafizal Abd Aziz and Zazaleena Zakariah

Formal approach will remove ambiguity in the specification. Formal specification is used to highlight an error in a specification. A developer of a system can detect an error of the system in early phase of system development life cycle. A verification and validation activity can be reduced towards the end of the lifecycle. It is about getting more things right earlier in the software lifecycle. A system developed by a student cannot be used because the user detects a misflow of functional requirement in the system. The user explained to the developer about the misflow using natural language, but natural languages are ambiguous and lead to misinterpretation. The study is to develop a specification for E-pracCs system using formal approach. The formal specification for the system uses Z formal specification language

Critical factors of B2B E-marketplaces among SMEs: the case of agribazaar.com.my / Zazaleena Zakariah, Nursyahidah Alias and Mohd Norafizal Abd Aziz

Electronic marketplaces (e-marketplaces) are new business venues for buying, selling, and supporting customers, products, and services in many industries. The emergence of business-to-business (B2B) e-marketplaces has opened up opportunities for efficient online transactions between companies. Today, many e-marketplaces are still struggling to survive and are trying to understand the characteristics and strategies for becoming successful. This study focuses on B2B e-marketplaces among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia for two key reasons. First, they are important to economic development in developing countries and the second reason to focus on SME's is that they are in a very good position to adapt to new technology as they may be able to adapt faster than larger companies that can be slowed by bureaucracy and stricter staffing hierarchies. As this study is focusing on B2B e-marketplaces among SMEs, AgriBazaar which is a well known e-marketplace for agriculture industries has been chosen. AgriBazaar is a program that has been jointly undertaken by MIMOS Bhd and the Agriculture Department which is focusing on bridging the digital divides, enhancing productivity and competitiveness in the agriculture sector