The fusion of edge detection and mathematical morphology algorithm for shape boundary recognition

Edge detection is important in image analysis to form the shape of an object.Edge is the boundary between different textures, which helps with object segmentation and recognition.Currently, several edge detection techniques are able to identify objects but are unable to localize the shape of an object. To address this problem, this paper proposes a fusion of selected edge detection algorithms with mathematical morphology to enhance the ability to detect the object shape boundary. Edge detection algorithm is used to simplify image data by minimizing the amount of pixel to be processed, whereas the mathematical morphology is used for smoothing effects and localizing the object shape using mathematical theory sets.The discussion section focuses on the improved edge map and boundary morphology (EmaBm) algorithm as a new technique for shape boundary recognition.A comparative analysis of various edge detection algorithms is presented.It reveals that the LoG’s edge detection embedded in EmaBM algorithm performs better than the other edge detection algorithms for fruit shape boundary recognition. Implementation of the proposed method shows that it is robust and applicable for various kind of fruit images and is more accurate than the existing edge detection algorithms

On comparison of estimation techniques for solar radiation missing data at Alor Setar and Penang area in northern peninsular Malaysia

The radiation data is important for solar data analysis which is significantly for modeling, designing on energy conversion system development and outputting it as a variable that is needed by other related scientific researches.Obtaining the complete data for solar intensity is a tough job when the technical problem is raised either from the sensor’s devices or faulty data transmission. Next, missing values occur accordingly.As a solution, missing value estimation has been introduced to substitute the absent values with imputed values.This article is highlighted to propose cubic Bézier interpolation as potential techniques to generate replacement values. Afterwards, compare the performance capability of few submitted interpolation techniques dealing with difference amount of simulated missing data. Based on our knowledge, curiosity works for replaceable values by applying Bézier interpolation on solar radiation data is limited. The cubic Bézier interpolation performs very well on both areas but the most effective condition is at the lower missing values and higher absent values that come from Alor Setar and Penang cities, respectively, which offer the lowest RMSE value and the r² value nearest to

Evaluation of linear interpolation method for missing value on solar radiation dataset in Perlis

This paper intends to reveal the ability of the linear interpolation method to predict missing values in solar radiation time series. Reliable dataset is equally tends to complete time series observed dataset.The absence or presence of radiation data alters long-term variation of solar radiation measurement values.Based on that change, the opportunities to provide bias output result for modelling and the validation process is higher.The completeness of the observed variable dataset has significantly important for data analysis.Occurrence the lack of continual and unreliable time series solar radiation data widely spread and become the main problematic issue. However, the limited number of research quantity that has carried out to emphasize and gives full attention to estimate missing values in the solar radiation dataset

On piecewise interpolation techniques for estimating solar radiation missing values in Kedah

This paper discusses the use of piecewise interpolation method based on cubic Ball and Bézier curves representation to estimate the missing value of solar radiation in Kedah. An hourly solar radiation dataset is collected at Alor Setar Meteorology Station that is taken from Malaysian Meteorology Department.The piece wise cubic Ball and Bézier functions that interpolate the data points are defined on each hourly intervals of solar radiation measurement and is obtained by prescribing first order derivatives at the starts and ends of the intervals We compare the performance of our proposed method with existing methods using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination (CoD) which is based on missing values simulation data sets. The results show that our method is outperformed the other previous methods

Heterotopic implantation of autologous bone marrow in rock pigeons (Columba livia): possible applications in avian bone grafting

Autologous bone marrow, alone or as a composite marrow graft, has received much attention in various species. To assess the potential osteogenicity of autologous, extramedullary bone marrow implants in an avian model, 24 adult pigeons (Columba livia) were given intramuscular implantations of autologous marrow aspirated from the medial tibiotarsus. Birds were euthanatized at 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after surgery to evaluate whether ectopic bone had formed at the implant sites. Primary evaluations by in situ radiography and postmortem histologic examinations showed no evidence of bone formation. Further evaluation with histologic scores and histomorphometry revealed a significantly increased rate of angiogenesis at the implant sites by the sixth and tenth week postimplantation (P < .05). No significant differences between the treatment and control sites were present at any other endpoints. Results of this study show that, although autologous bone marrow lacks heterotopic osteogenic potentials in this avian model, it could still function as a useful adjunct to routine bone grafting techniques because of its unique capabilities to promote early angiogenesis

Modelling of a Single Passage Air PV/T Solar Collector: Experimental and Simulation Design

The hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar collector has attracted research attention for more than five decades. Its capability to produce thermal energy simultaneously with electrical energy is considered attractive since it provides higher total efficiency than stand-alone photovoltaic or thermal systems separately. This paper describes theoretical and experimental studies of a finned single pass air-type photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collector. The performance of the system is calculated based on one dimensional (1D) steady-state analysis using one dimensional energy balance equations, where simulation was carried out using MATLAB. Experiments were carried out to observe the performance of the solar collector under changes in air mass flow rate. Experimental values on photovoltaic panel temperature and air temperature on both air inlet and outlet, together with the ambient temperature and solar radiation were measured. The simulation results were validated against the results obtained from experiments using the error analysis method, Root Mean Square Error. At a solar irradiance level of 800 to 900 W/m2, the thermal efficiency increases to 20.32% while the electrical efficiency increases to 12.01% when the air mass flow rate increases from 0.00015 kg/s to 0.01 kg/s. The error analysis shows that both experimental and simulation results are in good agreement