Mass and Charge Transport in Cyclic Carbonates: Implications for Improved Lithium Ion Battery Electrolytes

The compensated Arrhenius formalism (CAF) is applied to conductivity and diffusion data for a family of cyclic carbonates composed of octylene carbonate, decylene carbonate, undecylene carbonate, and dodecylene carbonate. The strong intermolecular interactions in these liquids lead to diffusion activation energies that are higher than those for typical aprotic solvents. The conductivity results show that activation energies are similar between TbaTf and LiTf cyclic carbonate electrolytes. However, the conductivities of the TbaTf solutions are higher than those for the LiTf solutions, and this is attributed to the greater number of charge carriers in the TbaTf electrolytes. These CAF results are then used to give a possible explanation of why the ionic conductivity in lithium ion battery electrolytes is often optimized by mixing a cyclic carbonate with a lower viscosity liquid

MOESM5 of Proteome analysis of excretory-secretory proteins of Entamoeba histolytica HM1:IMSS via LC–ESI–MS/MS and LC–MALDI–TOF/TOF

Additional file 5. Contaminant proteins analysis

Molecular and System Parameters Governing Mass and Charge Transport in Polar Liquids and Electrolytes

Onsager’s model of the dielectric constant is used to provide a molecular-level picture of how the dielectric constant affects mass and charge transport in organic liquids and organic liquid electrolytes. Specifically, the molecular and system parameters governing transport are the molecular dipole moment μ and the solvent dipole density <i>N</i>. The compensated Arrhenius formalism (CAF) writes the temperature-dependent ionic conductivity or diffusion coefficient as an Arrhenius-like expression that also includes a static dielectric constant (ε_s) dependence in the exponential prefactor. The temperature dependence of ε_s and therefore the temperature dependence of the exponential prefactor is due to the quantity <i>N</i>/<i>T</i>, where <i>T</i> is the temperature. Using the procedure described in the CAF, values of the activation energy can be obtained by scaling out the <i>N</i>/<i>T</i> dependence instead of the ε_s dependence. It has been previously shown that a plot of the prefactors versus ε_s results in a master curve, and here it is shown that a master curve also results by plotting the prefactors against <i>N</i>/<i>T</i>. Therefore, the CAF can be applied by using temperature-dependent density data instead of temperature-dependent dielectric constant data. This application is demonstrated for diffusion data of <i>n</i>-nitriles, <i>n</i>-thiols, <i>n</i>-acetates, and 2-ketones, as well as conductivity data for dilute tetrabutylammonium triflate–nitrile electrolytes

Additional file 1: of Reading the mind of children in response to food advertising: a cross-sectional study of Malaysian schoolchildren’s attitudes towards food and beverages advertising on television

Questionnaire survey. (DOCX 327 kb