THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) PRINTED FOOD PRODUCTS FROM HALAL FORENSIC PERSPECTIVE: A PRELIMINARY REVIEW

The emergence of three-dimensional printed (3DP) technology in the food industry is one of the possibilities for a source of global halal food supply in the future. Producing individualized nutritional meals, food sustainability, and developing new solutions worldwide are just a few of the benefits of using 3DP. However, there are still issues with 3DP, especially regarding safety issues and all the risks to the consumer that needs to be overcome. Besides, it will safeguard each essential component of food production for commercial purposes and acceptance by the public. The objective of this study is to gather information regarding the potential of 3DP as well as its availability in the halal market. This study revolves around the five main pillars of halal forensics for halal-based products. This qualitative study employs library research as the data collection method. Data were analysed using content analysis method. Based on this study, a new regulatory framework for halal 3DP food products can be suggested through the halal forensics concept. This allows the authenticity of halal 3DP food products to be certified to safeguard consumers when consuming especially the Muslim community

Design of enhanced gain patch antenna at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz for wireless application

In this work, the analysis of patch antenna design at the resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz are presented. Both proposed antennas made of RT Duroid 5880 are designed and simulated using CST Studio Suite software. The antennas are designed, and their performances are examined. The antennas have been designed based on the size improvement technique to improve the fabrication tolerance. The characteristics of both antennas’ including return loss, radiation pattern, surface current and directivity or gain were compared. The optimization of patch measurement to achieve the desired resonant frequency were also displayed

The Modern and Digital Transformation of Oral Health Care: A Mini Review

Dentistry is a part of the field of medicine which is advocated in this digital revolution. The increasing trend in dentistry digitalization has led to the advancement in computer-derived data processing and manufacturing. This progress has been exponentially supported by the Internet of medical things (IoMT), big data and analytical algorithm, internet and communication technologies (ICT) including digital social media, augmented and virtual reality (AR and VR), and artificial intelligence (AI). The interplay between these sophisticated digital aspects has dramatically changed the healthcare and biomedical sectors, especially for dentistry. This myriad of applications of technologies will not only be able to streamline oral health care, facilitate workflow, increase oral health at a fraction of the current conventional cost, relieve dentist and dental auxiliary staff from routine and laborious tasks, but also ignite participatory in personalized oral health care. This narrative article review highlights recent dentistry digitalization encompassing technological advancement, limitations, challenges, and conceptual theoretical modern approaches in oral health prevention and care, particularly in ensuring the quality, efficiency, and strategic dental care in the modern era of dentistry

Additive Manufacturing Polyurethane Acrylate via Stereolithography for 3D Structure Polymer Electrolyte Application

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D-printing technology, is currently integrated in many fields as it possesses an attractive fabrication process. In this work, we deployed the 3D-print stereolithography (SLA) method to print polyurethane acrylate (PUA)-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The printed PUA GPE was then characterized through several techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The printed GPE exhibited high ionic conductivity of 1.24 × 10−3 S cm−1 at low-lithium-salt content (10 wt.%) in ambient temperature and favorable thermal stability to about 300 °C. The FTIR results show that addition of LiClO4 to the polymer matrix caused a shift in carbonyl, ester and amide functional groups. In addition, FTIR deconvolution peaks of LiClO4 show 10 wt.% has the highest amount of free ions, in line with the highest conductivity achieved. Finally, the PUA GPE was printed into 3D complex structure to show SLA flexibility in designing an electrolyte, which could be a potential application in advanced battery fabrication

Modification of Polymer Based Dentures on Biological Properties: Current Update, Status, and Findings

Polymers remain an integral part of denture fabrication materials, specifically polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA). PMMA has been extensively used, particularly in construction as a denture base material. Nonetheless, various challenges, including microbial threats in the form of candidiasis occurrence, still remain a biological challenge to denture wearers. The present article comprehensively reviews the biomodifications introduced to denture components, in particular denture base material, to improve the overall biological properties, together with physical, mechanical, structural integrity, and optical properties. In addition, fundamental information specifically to PMMA as a conventional denture base material and the causative aetiological microbial agents for biological threat to dentures are explored

The 3D Printability and Mechanical Properties of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as Additives in Urethane Dimethacrylate (UDMA) Blends Polymer for Medical Application

The integration of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in the biomedical sector required material to portray a holistic characteristic in terms of printability, biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical properties. This research aims to evaluate the 3D printability and mechanical properties of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as additives in the urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) based resin and its potential for medical applications. The printability of the PHB/UDMA resin blends was limited to 11 wt.% as it reached the maximum viscosity value at 2188 cP. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also conducted to assess the significant effect of the varied PHB (wt.%) incorporation within UDMA resin, and the aging duration of 3D printed PHB/UDMA on mechanical properties in terms of tensile and impact properties. Meanwhile, the increasing crystallinity index (CI) of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the 3D printed PHB/UDMA as the PHB loading increased, indicating that there is a strong correlation with the lower tensile and impact strength. FESEM images also proved that the agglomerations that occurred within the UDMA matrix had affected the mechanical performance of 3D printed PHB/UDMA. Nonetheless, the thermal stability of the 3D printed PHB/UDMA had only a slight deviation from the 3D printed UDMA since it had better thermal processability

Description of Poly(aryl-ether-ketone) Materials (PAEKs), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) for Application as a Dental Material: A Materials Science Review

Poly(aryl-ether-ketone) materials (PAEKs), a class of high-performance polymers comprised of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), have attracted interest in standard dental procedures due to their inherent characteristics in terms of mechanical and biological properties. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a restorative dental material widely used for prosthetic frameworks due to its superior physical, mechanical, aesthetic, and handling features. Meanwhile, polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic embraced in the additive manufacturing market. In the present review study, a new way to fabricate high-performance polymers, particularly PEEK and PEKK, is demonstrated using additive manufacturing digital dental technology, or 3-dimensional (3D) printing. The focus in this literature review will encompass an investigation of the chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of HPPs, particularly PEEK and PEKK, along with their application particularly in dentistry. High-performance polymers have gained popularity in denture prosthesis in advance dentistry due to their flexibility in terms of manufacturing and the growing interest in utilizing additive manufacturing in denture fabrication. Further, this review also explores the literature regarding the properties of high-performance polymers (HPP) compared to previous reported polymers in terms of the dental material along with the current advancement of the digital designing and manufacturing

The study of degradation and mechanical properties of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) based 3D printed filament

Abstract Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing technology, has become one of the mainstream processes in the manufacturing industry due to its advantages over conventional manufacturing, which have piqued the public’s interest. This study aims to focus on the influence of thermal conditions on crystallization towards mechanical properties of 3D printed poly(lactic) acid (PLA) degradation samples with 100% infill. As for the degradation profile, the highest weight loss recorded by the samples was 0.7%, observed in samples buried in soil with an abiotic medium for one month. The exposure of degraded samples to high temperature during drying affected their crystallinity, resulting in significant changes in strains, particularly between week 1 and week 2, where strains dropped significantly from 7.33% to 4.28%, respectively. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that degradation for PLA material still can occur in an abiotic medium, albeit at a slower rate compared to a biotic medium due to the presence of additional microorganisms and bacteria. Besides, the post-heat treatment process on PLA degradation samples affects their crystalline structure, resulting in significant changes in mechanical properties, particularly especially strains. Therefore, it can be concluded that different materials exhibit distinct mechanical properties.</jats:p