Primary Treatment of Dye Wastewater Using Aloe Vera-aided Aluminium and Magnesium Hybrid Coagulants

AbstractHybrid coagulants, aluminium sulphate-Aloe vera (ALAV) and magnesium sulphate-Aloe vera (MGAV) were prepared for the primary treatment of methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater treatment through coagulation-flocculation process. The effects of the independent factors and their interaction on the dye removal (%) were determined using two independent factors, i.e. pH and dosage based on 22 full factorial design. All the independent factors and their interaction were significant in removing dye. The dye removal (%) for both ALAV and MGAV were then optimized through central composite design. ALAV was able to remove 50–55% of dye while MGAV was able to remove 60-70% of dye. Therefore, MGAV was proven to be a more effective hybrid coagulant in removing dye

Treatment of Taman Beringin landfill leachate using the column technique

Landfill leachate is currently a major environmental concern because it contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic contaminants. Leachate treatment using natural materials, such as aquifer sand, peat, and the commercial material BIRM (Burgess Iron Removal Media), was performed through column experiments. Aquifer sand was taken from Kg Teluk, Kelantan, peat was taken from Peatland Paradise, and BIRM was bought from a supplier. The heavy metals (Fe3+, Cr, Ni, and Cu) from natural leachate were selected for this experiment. The concentrations of Fe, Cr, Ni, and Cu before the experiment were 11, 1.27, 4.535, and 3.293 mg L–1, respectively. The physical and chemical parameters of leachate and surface water at the Taman Beringin Landfill have been studied to understand the impact of pollution in the area. The results show that leachate samples at the bottom of the landfills have the highest pollution. Both the physical and chemical parameters of leachate exceed the limits of Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia. Experimental test results were also analyzed in terms of breakthrough curves and percentage of heavy metal removal. The results show that the BIRM sample has a higher adsorption capacity for heavy metals, including Fe, compared with aquifer sand and peat

Effect of Modified Micro-Sand, Poly-Aluminium Chloride and Cationic Polymer on Coagulation-Flocculation Process of Landfill Leachate

Sanitary landfill leachate is considered as highly polluted wastewater, if without any treatment and discharge into water system will affect water quality. This study was carried out to assess the treatability of the semi-aerobic landfill leachate via coagulation-flocculation using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), cationic polymer and modified micro sand. Leachate was collected from Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfill located in Penang, Malaysia. Coagulationflocculation was performed by using jar test equipment and the effect of pH, dose of coagulant and polymer toward removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and suspended solid (SS) were examined. Micro sand also had been used in this study to compare settling time between coagulation-flocculation process with and without the aid of micro sand. The optimum pH, dose of coagulant (PAC) and dose of polymer (cationic) were achieved at 7.0, 1,000 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The dose of micro sand used for the settling time process is 300 mg/L. Results showed 52.66 % removal of COD, 97.16% removal of SS and 96.44% removal of color were obtained under optimum condition. The durations of settling time to settle down the sludge or particle that formed during coagulation-flocculation process were recorded at 1 minute (modified sand), 20 minutes (raw micro sand) and 45 minutes (without micro sand)

Penyingkiran ammonia dan logam berat daripada air sisa industri automotif menggunakan pasir terubah suai secara kimia

Keberkesanan rawatan air sisa industri automotif ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah penjerapan turus. Peratusan penyingkiran ammonia dan logam berat terpilih telah dikaji menggunakan pasir biasa dan pasir terubah suai secara kimia sebagai bahan penjerap. Dua model matematik iaitu Model Thomas serta Model Yoon-Nelson telah digunakan untuk menentukan kapasiti penjerapan maksimum ammonia. Peratusan penyingkiran ammonia menunjukkan pasir terubah suai secara kimia mencatatkan julat peratusan penyingkiran yang lebih tinggi iaitu 43.68% hingga 96.55% berbanding pasir biasa yang mencatatkan julat 0% hingga 89.66%. Logam berat zink, mangan, kromium, kuprum, arsenik, nikel, kobalt dan ferum mencatatkan peratusan penyingkiran antara 93% hingga 100% apabila menggunakan pasir terubah suai secara kimia manakala pasir biasa mencatatkan julat peratusan penyingkiran daripada 0.8% hingga 100%. Keputusan analisis menggunakan Model Thomas menunjukkan kapasiti penjerapan maksimum, qo ammonia menggunakan pasir terubah suai secara kimia (8.80 mg/g) adalah empat kali lebih tinggi daripada pasir biasa (2.57 mg/g) manakala masa bolos, t0.5 bahan penjerap yang ditentukan menggunakan Model Yoon dan Nelson mencatatkan masa tertinggi bagi pasir terubah suai secara kimia iaitu 30.18 min berbanding 9.57 min bagi pasir biasa. Kajian ini menunjukkan peratusan penyingkiran dan kapasiti penjerapan ammonia dan logam berat terpilih iaitu zink, mangan, kuprum, arsenik, nikel, kobalt dan ferum lebih tinggi bagi turus pasir terubah suai secara kimia berbanding pasir biasa

Kebolehupayaan fitoremediasi oleh Azolla pinnata dalam merawat air sisa akuakultur

Isu kekurangan sumber air bersih merupakan salah satu masalah utama pada masa kini. Bahan pencemar di dalam air merupakan antara penyumbang kepada masalah ini. Salah satu alternatif yang utama dalam penyingkiran bahan pencemar daripada air sisa adalah melalui kaedah fitoremediasi. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji kecekapan Azolla pinnata dalam merawat air sisa menggunakan kaedah fitoremediasi. Keberkesanan A. pinnata untuk menyerap nutrien adalah bergantung kepada kualiti air sisa dan kuantiti A. pinnata yang digunakan. Seterusnya satu uji kaji untuk menentukan biojisim A. pinnata selepas rawatan fitoremediasi telah dijalankan. Dalam hasil kajian ini, ammonia dan fosfat merupakan parameter yang utama dalam menentukan keberkesanan rawatan air sisa akuakultur menggunakan kaedah fitoremediasi A. pinnata. Hasil kajian menunjukkan penurunan drastik nilai ammonia apabila air sisa dirawat menggunakan A. pinnata iaitu daripada nilai bacaan purata 7.47 ke 1.67 mg/L. Sementara itu, kepekatan fosfat juga menunjukkan penurunan ketara selepas air sisa dirawat dengan A. pinnata daripada nilai purata 5.73 kepada 1.22 mg/L. Hasil daripada rawatan air sisa akuakultur dengan menggunakan fitoremediasi A. pinnata dapat menunjukkan perubahan disebabkan oleh peningkatan biojisim dengan nilai tertinggi 147.26 gram

Impact of Malaysia major flood to river geomorphology changes and total suspended solid using GIS technique

Flood is the most common type of disaster in Peninsular Malaysia. In December 2014, a major flood event occurred in Pahang River that recorded the worst flood ever hit Pahang River Basin and Malaysia generally. Twelve sampling station has been chosen which covered of upstream, middle stream and downstream parts of Pahang River. This study focuses on scrutinizing the processes of the river geomorphology changes using geographic information system and other techniques. Those stations are Jerantut Feri, JPS Tembeling, Chenor and Pekan. The 3D modelling surface showed that the bathymetric shape of Pahang River bed was severely affected by the flood due to collapse of river banks, land use changes and anthropogenic activities. However, other stations are also affected by the flood but it is not significant according to cluster group constructed. Total suspended solid was classified into three group using cluster analysis. The contributors of sedimentation problems in Pahang River are from unsustainable land use such as urbanization, agricultural activities, industrialization which are trapping the bed sediments and river band erosion caused by flood phenomenon. Sinuosity index (SI) of Pahang River shows that high percentage of changes occurred in the upstream at Tembeling River and Jelai River with the highest percentage recorded at 45%. SI recorded at middle stream shows a significant change with the percentage of 20.7%. While at downstream, the SI recorded three significant changes from 16.0% to 20.3%. Based on statistical analysis, significant changes with moderate correlation in R squared value at R2 = 0.6669 was obtained between SI changes and water level that occurred from 2010 to 2015. Pahang River geomorphology change analysis and river bed geometric analysis are very important in order to decide the best mitigating measure and management plan that will overcome the biggest problem of Pahang River, that is, flood – that occurs every year. Generally, this study is very important to gather information on the effect of 2014 major flood in Pahang River in order to manage the Basin of Tropical River. In future, for mitigation measure, alternative management is proposed for Pahang River Maintenance such as service of natural flood ponds and flood mitigation projects

Effect of Supplementation of Dried Bioflocs Produced by Freeze-Drying and Oven-Drying Methods on Water Quality, Growth Performance and Proximate Composition of Red Hybrid Tilapia

Supplementation of dried bioflocs for red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) was examined during 57 days of feeding trials. Five experimental treatments; T1 (the control; without bioflocs), T2 (4% freeze-dried bioflocs), T3 (16% freeze-dried bioflocs), T4 (4% oven-dried bioflocs), and T5 (16% oven-dried bioflocs) were prepared to examine the water quality, growth performance and body composition of red hybrid tilapia. T2 and T4 treatments resulted in a higher growth rate and survival similar to the control, while T3 and T5 treatments showed the lowest values of growth performance among all treatments. T1 treatment showed the best quality of culture water followed by T2 and T4 treatments, while T3 treatment resulted in poor water quality followed by T5 treatment. Based on these results, the ratios of bioflocs (4% and 16%) had more effect on fish growth and water quality than the drying methods (freeze-drying and oven-drying). The ratio of 4% freeze-dried or oven-dried bioflocs provided higher growth rates and better water quality parameters similar to the control, while the ratio of 16% showed the worst growth performance and water quality in the present study. In addition, body compositions of tilapia fed 4% dried bioflocs showed better nutritional value than tilapia fed 16% dried bioflocs. Protein and energy levels showed an increasing trend with decreasing supplement levels of bioflocs. Moisture content was significantly higher when supplementation of 16% bioflocs was used. Overall, supplementation of 4% freeze-dried or oven-dried bioflocs can be successively included in red hybrid tilapia diets without any effects on growth or body composition and can result in a good quality of culture water for red hybrid tilapia

Effect of Supplementation of Dried Bioflocs Produced by Freeze-Drying and Oven-Drying Methods on Water Quality, Growth Performance and Proximate Composition of Red Hybrid Tilapia

Supplementation of dried bioflocs for red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) was examined during 57 days of feeding trials. Five experimental treatments; T1 (the control; without bioflocs), T2 (4% freeze-dried bioflocs), T3 (16% freeze-dried bioflocs), T4 (4% oven-dried bioflocs), and T5 (16% oven-dried bioflocs) were prepared to examine the water quality, growth performance and body composition of red hybrid tilapia. T2 and T4 treatments resulted in a higher growth rate and survival similar to the control, while T3 and T5 treatments showed the lowest values of growth performance among all treatments. T1 treatment showed the best quality of culture water followed by T2 and T4 treatments, while T3 treatment resulted in poor water quality followed by T5 treatment. Based on these results, the ratios of bioflocs (4% and 16%) had more effect on fish growth and water quality than the drying methods (freeze-drying and oven-drying). The ratio of 4% freeze-dried or oven-dried bioflocs provided higher growth rates and better water quality parameters similar to the control, while the ratio of 16% showed the worst growth performance and water quality in the present study. In addition, body compositions of tilapia fed 4% dried bioflocs showed better nutritional value than tilapia fed 16% dried bioflocs. Protein and energy levels showed an increasing trend with decreasing supplement levels of bioflocs. Moisture content was significantly higher when supplementation of 16% bioflocs was used. Overall, supplementation of 4% freeze-dried or oven-dried bioflocs can be successively included in red hybrid tilapia diets without any effects on growth or body composition and can result in a good quality of culture water for red hybrid tilapia

A pointer location algorithm for computer visionbased automatic reading recognition of pointer gauges

In order to implement a computer vision based reading recognition system for pointer gauges, we propose an algorithm to locate the pointer by searching for the minimal bounding rectangle (MBR) of the pointer region. Having determined the center of dial region and the centroids of scale marks, we build up a reference system for reading recognition with the dial region center and the scale mark centroids. To identify the indicating value of a gauge image, we first detect the pointer region based on frame difference, and determine the MBR of the pointer using the longest edge of its convex hull. We then take the centroid of the MBR enclosing the pointer region as the centroid of the pointer. We next take the connection between the pointer centroid to the dial center as the pointer, and calculate the indicating value corresponding to the pointer based on the angle method. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the pointer location algorithm in computer vision based reading recognition for pointer gauges

Construction of renewable energy supply chain model based on LCA

The current building’s energy supply chain model has the characteristics of high complexity, time-consuming, poor accuracy, and high pollution coefficient. In this paper, a renewable building’s energy supply chain model based on LCA is proposed. Based on the definition of planned supply chain, procurement, construction and delivery process, the operation reference model of renewable green building’s energy supply chain is analyzed. According to the analysis of LCA, the life cycle stage set of renewable green building’s energy supply chain is obtained. A renewable green building’s energy supply chain model with economic and low-carbon comprehensive objectives is obtained by combining the economic goal-oriented model with the low-carbon goal-oriented model and introducing the life cycle stage set. The experimental results show that the modeling complexity of the model is low and the time-consuming is less. The model fits the actual situation well. The pollution coefficient of the model is smaller than that of the current model. It is practical and provides technical reference for the field of green building