Children's online privacy protection: a comparative study between the acts in Malaysia with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) 1998 / Nur Fasihah Shahrol Azam, Nur Izzati Mohd Hamdi and Nabila Abdullah.

Children and young people are among the internet users whom would constantly utilize the internet in various ways. Young people's private lives are increasingly laid bare by the often personal data published in their blogs, on social networks, in chat rooms, and so on. At a very young age, web users face some complex issues: copyright on the Internet, image rights, protection of personal data and private life, and the risks inherent in the Internet's new social forums. Although there are many laws that defines, govern and protect the activity of children and their legal rights and their online activity of the Malaysian internet users, none of them fills in the need of protection of the children's online privacy protection. Thus, in enhancing the laws that has been implemented, several provisions need to be inserted to overcome this lacuna. The United States of America had taken steps to resolve this issue, hence are made as reference to improve the laws regarding the protection of online data of the children

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms

Background: COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory illness; however, many patients present to hospital without respiratory symptoms. The association between non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19 and outcomes remains unclear. We investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with no respiratory symptoms (NRS) and respiratory symptoms (RS) at hospital admission. Methods: This study describes clinical features, physiological parameters, and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, stratified by the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms at hospital admission. RS patients had one or more of: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose or wheezing; while NRS patients did not. Results: Of 178,640 patients in the study, 86.4 % presented with RS, while 13.6 % had NRS. NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7 % vs RS: 37.5 %). NRS patients had a higher crude in-hospital case-fatality ratio (NRS 41.1 % vs. RS 32.0 %), but a lower risk of death after adjusting for confounders (HR 0.88 [0.83-0.93]). Conclusion: Approximately one in seven COVID-19 patients presented at hospital admission without respiratory symptoms. These patients were older, had lower ICU admission rates, and had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for confounders