Adsorbent Efficiency in Treating Phosphorus using Natural Treatment from Industrial Wastewater - A Review

Natural treatment are currently getting recognise as remedies in wastewater treatment for small industries. Natural treatment equipped with natural, man-made and by-products materials coming from various sources such as agricultural wastes, household and industrial sectors are commonly being used. Its availability is abundant and simultaneously contributing to waste recovery, reuse and minimization. Its abilities to remove pollutants such as phosphorus are promising since multiple researches have been done to provide a new insight in treating pollutant with natural, man-made and by-products adsorbent. Examples of the three types of adsorbent that have been studied are red mud, soy bean, eggshells, dates, steel slag and many more. Despite countless reviews have been made in the last few years, a direct comparison on different adsorbent along with its efficiency in treating industrial wastewater is unsatisfactory and lacking since most of the studies are using synthetic solution which under controlled condition. The application of the treatment is unfavourable due to limited understanding of phosphorus removal. Thus, the aim of the study was to revise the current literature regarding natural adsorbent efficiencies and its application towards industrial wastewater including the adsorbent characteristics and methods of phosphate removal involves

Determination of Phosphorus Removal Mechanism in Aerated and Unaerated Steel Slag Filter System as Secondary Treatment System for Textile Industrial Wastewater

Phosphorus is the element that promotes growth in plant. However, over loading of phosphorus into surfaces water leads to severe environmental problems known as eutrophication. Improper treatments of phosphorus removal prior discharges from industrial effluent are one of the contributions to eutrophication. Textile effluent is one of the sources of phosphorus loading in surface water with concentration of 1-9 mg/L P. Since attentions are given in removing the color from the effluent, phosphorus are commonly ignored in wastewater treatment system. Thus, the study of phosphorus removal in textile wastewater is conducted using steel slag filter system under aerated (ASSF) and unaerated (USSF) condition. The filter was set up for influent pH range of 5.30-7.00 at primary treated wastewater for textile wastewater under aerated and unaerated condition. Sampling was done twice a week for 12 week and analyzed for Total phosphorus concentration. The Activated Carbon (ACF) filter in the existing treatment system is also sampled to compare the removal efficiency The USSF filter shows better removal than ASSF filter with 46% to 70% of efficiency removal. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of ASSF is 37% to 66%. The adsorbate formed in ASSF is analyzed using SEM-EDX and the precipitation formed in USSF is analyzed using XRD. This shows that steel slag filter provides promising result in phosphorus removal

Study of Steel Slag Filter Unit as a Secondary Treatment System for Removing Total Phosphorus from Textile Industry Wastewater

Eutrophication is one of the global concerned due to algae bloom in the natural surface water such as lakes and swamp area. Industrial effluent with incomplete treatment discharged has become one of the main culprits to this phenomenon. Approximately, 0.3 – 13 mg/L of total phosphorus can be found in the final discharge of industrial effluent showing that the existing treatment including an activated carbon filter (ACF) has limitation in polishing the phosphorus.  Therefore, this 16 week of study has been designed to study the alternative treatment phosphorus removal at secondary stage to replace the tertiary treatment by using steel manufacturing by-product as filter media for effective phosphorus removal from the textile industry wastewater. Two units of lab-scale vertical steel slag filter (SSF) systems under aerated and unaerated conditions have been developed for this study. The samples were collected and analysed biweekly for selected parameters including pH, alkalinity, DO and TP. The results obtained from this study show that the unaerated steel slag filter has a high efficiency of TP removal which ranged from 46% to 70% compared to the aerated SSF with removal efficiency ranged from 37% to 66%. Besides, the existing ACF removal efficiency was ranged from 36% to 54%. Thus, the use of steel slag in removing phosphorus from textile wastewater is possible with the used of both aerated and unaerated steel slag filter systems. Furthermore, the removal mechanism involved was likely to be precipitation and adsorption

Determination of Phosphorus Removal Mechanism in Aerated and Unaerated Steel Slag Filter System as Secondary Treatment System for Textile Industrial Wastewater

Phosphorus is the element that promotes growth in plant. However, over loading of phosphorus into surfaces water leads to severe environmental problems known as eutrophication. Improper treatments of phosphorus removal prior discharges from industrial effluent are one of the contributions to eutrophication. Textile effluent is one of the sources of phosphorus loading in surface water with concentration of 1-9 mg/L P. Since attentions are given in removing the color from the effluent, phosphorus are commonly ignored in wastewater treatment system. Thus, the study of phosphorus removal in textile wastewater is conducted using steel slag filter system under aerated (ASSF) and unaerated (USSF) condition. The filter was set up for influent pH range of 5.30-7.00 at primary treated wastewater for textile wastewater under aerated and unaerated condition. Sampling was done twice a week for 12 week and analyzed for Total phosphorus concentration. The Activated Carbon (ACF) filter in the existing treatment system is also sampled to compare the removal efficiency The USSF filter shows better removal than ASSF filter with 46% to 70% of efficiency removal. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of ASSF is 37% to 66%. The adsorbate formed in ASSF is analyzed using SEM-EDX and the precipitation formed in USSF is analyzed using XRD. This shows that steel slag filter provides promising result in phosphorus removal

The effects of PO43- removal from aqueous solution with varied concentrations of metal oxides in steel slag filter system

High amount of orthophosphate will accelerate the growth of autotrophs and eutrophication will occur. This phenomenon decreases the water quality and as a result may increase the cost of water treatment for drinking water. The overabundance of orthophosphate occurs when untreated or inadequately-treated wastewater from domestic and industrial activities is released into water bodies. Conventional treatment has been developed to treat wastewater. However, it is not effective for phosphorus removal, hence, high-cost advanced treatment is needed to remove phosphorus. Thus, alternative low-cost treatments for phosphorus removal are needed. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand and investigate the mechanisms of phosphorus removal using two different setups of steel slag filter, Set 1 for high Fe and Set 2 for high Ca. The study was operated at different pH values of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 under aerated and unaerated conditions. The samples of steel slag from 12 filters that has been run for three months for each set were semi-quantitatively analysed using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) to identify the adsorption of phosphate ion on the surface of the steel slag. The results of SEM-EDX studies showed that adsorption mechanism of phosphate removal takes place on the surface of the steel slag. The precipitates in the steel slag filters were collected and analysed for X-ray diffraction (XRD) for chemical compound identification and the precipitates were confirmed to be Fe3O4, a precursor of iron phosphate related compound