DESIGN OF NEURO-WAVELET BASED VECTOR QUANTIZER FOR IMAGE COMPRESSION

This paper presents a novel approach to design a vector quantizer for image compression. Compression of image data using Vector Quantization (VQ) will compare Training Vectors with Codebook that has been designed. The result is an index of position with minimum distortion. Moreover it provides a means of decomposition of the signal in an approach which takes the improvement of inter and intra band correlation as more lithe partition for higher dimension vector spaces. Thus, the image is compressed without any loss of information. It also provides a comparative study in the view of simplicity, storage space, robustness and transfer time of various vector quantization methods. In addition the proposed paper also presents a survey on different methods of vector quantization for image compression and application of SOFM

Evaluation of the New Fluorescent Internal Tag (Soft Visible Implant Alphanumeric Tag) in the Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

The new version of the polyester visible implant alphanumeric tag (VI Alpha tag; Northwest Marine Technology Inc., Shaw Island, Washington, USA) was evaluated in the giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) under laboratory conditions. The new VI Alpha tag is soft and fluorescent with an alphanumeric code designed to identify individual specimens. Two tag sizes - standard (1.0 x 2.5 mm) and large (1.5 x 3.5 mm) - were tested on juve- niles (standard size), subadults (standard size), and adults (large size) for 10 weeks. Retention, readability, and effects on growth and survival were evaluated. Final mean tag retention was 71.25±3.3% in juvenile prawns, 91.3%±2.73 in subadult prawns, and 59.0%±1.65 in adult prawns. Final tag readability was 100.0% in juveniles, 88.6±5.3 in subadults, and 77.8±4.8 in adults. Average daily growth (mg/day) and SGR (%/day) of tagged juvenile prawns (22.4±0.23 and 0.81±0.02, respectively) did not significantly differ (p>0.05) from that of the untagged control (20.5±1.47 and 0.83±0.04). Similar results were observed in subadult and adult M. rosenbergii. Mean final survival did not significantly differ (p>0.05) between tagged and untagged prawns. Results indicate that tagging M. rosenbergii with VI Alpha tags has no adverse effect on survival or growth and can therefore be effec- tively used to identify individuals in selective breeding programs

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The Potential of Light Microscopic Features of the Oral Mucosa in Predicting Post-mortem Interval

Objectives: The post-mortem interval (PMI) refers to the amount of time elapsed between death and discovery of the body. This study aimed to evaluate light microscopic cellular changes in the oral mucosa and identify the potential of this method for predicting PMI. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between July 2016 and January 2018 at the Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India. A total of 150 post-mortem (including 75 gingival and 75 buccal mucosa samples) and 40 ante-mortem (including 20 gingival and 20 buccal mucosa samples) tissue samples were compared using haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and van Gieson stains. Microscopic changes in the epithelium and connective tissue were categorised according to PMI stage as early (<12.5 hours since death), intermediate (12.5–20.5 hours since death) or late (>20.5 hours since death). Results: Most epithelial cellular changes occurred early, except for arc-shaped nuclei and epithelial shredding which were intermediate and late changes, respectively. However, microscopic changes in the connective tissue were only observable at ≥12.5 hours. There was a progressive decrease in intensity in van Gieson stains and an increase in intensity in PAS stains as PMI increased. Several microscopic features were found to be significant predictors of PMI including epithelial homogenisation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear degeneration, arc-shaped nuclei, chromatin clumping, red blood cell clumping and lysis, melanin incontinency, myofibril degeneration, salivary gland acini degeneration and epithelial connective tissue separation (P <0.050 each). Conclusion: These findings indicate that microscopic evaluation of the oral mucosa may be helpful for PMI prediction.   KEYWORDS Post-mortem Changes; Light Microscopy; Oral Mucosa; Epithelial Cells; Lamina Propria; Salivary Glands; Histocytochemistry; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; India

Tooth morphometry and the pattern of palatal rugae among monozygotic and dizygotic twins in India

Introduction: A stronger correlation of physical traits among monozygotic (MZ) twins than dizygotic (DZ) twins indicates predominant contribution by genetic factors than environmental factors. Exploring the degree of resemblance in tooth morphometry and the pattern of rugae among twins shall aid in forensic identification. Aim and Objective: To find out the degree of correlation in tooth morphometry and the palatal rugae pattern among MZ and DZ twins. Materials and Methods: The maximum coronal mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of the maxillary teeth excluding the second and third molars in 21 pairs of MZ and 12 pairs of DZ twins along with a MZ triplet were recorded using digital calipers calibrated to 0.01 mm. The dimensions of the teeth based on the number, shape, size, and the unification palatal rugae pattern among twin pairs were analyzed and recorded. Results: Our results suggest a stronger correlation of tooth dimension among MZ than DZ twins, which differs for individual maxillary tooth. There may be a separate set of genes responsible for controlling the mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth dimensions. The maxillary canine and maxillary premolars do show the least amount of genetic variability. The results in our study provide remarkable evidence regarding the existence of mirror imaging in tooth dimension as well as the number and shape of the palatal rugae. Conclusion: This first of its kind study in the Indian population suggests a remarkable similarity with regard to the tooth’s size and uniqueness of the palatal rugae pattern among MZ and DZ twins, which suggests their strong inheritability potential. This may be useful as additional tools for zygosity determination along with other dental traits. The significant evidence of mirror imaging of tooth dimension and rugae shall definitely contribute to the concept of development of human body

Differential affinity of natural haemagglutinin of <i style="">Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> towards vertebrate erythrocytes: Effect of sex, size and moult stage on haemagglutination titre

830-833Lectins play important role in innate immunity of animals. The affinity of the natural haemagglutinin of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii towards vertebrate erythrocytes and its level with relation to sex, size and moult stages were studied. The strongest agglutinating titres in haemolymph of prawns were marked against guinea pig, chicken, Clarias batrachus, and rabbit erythrocytes, and the weakest towards cattle, dog, horse and goat erythrocytes. A moderately agglutinating titre was evident in duck and human erythrocytes. The haemolymph of adult, male or intermoult stage prawns weighing more than 100 g had the highest haemagglutinating activity as compared to their respective counterparts with varied responses observed towards various erythrocytes