Growth of Biodiesel Plant in Flyash: A sustainable approach Response of Jatropha curcus, a Biodiesel Plant in Fly Ash Amended Soil with Respect to Pigment Content and Photosynthetic Rate

AbstractFly-ash, an inevitable waste of coal-fired thermal power plant has great potential in the area of plant growth due to its efficacy in modification of soil health and thereby the plant performance. In this study we analyze the effects of flyash on pigment content and photosynthetic rate in Jatropha curcus. The observations and results of the study indicate that Jatropha curcus grown in different amendments of soil and flyash showed an increase in chlorophyll content at 20% flyash in soil, but further declined with the increase in concentration of flyash (40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) in soil than control. Similar trends of the increase in photosynthetic rate of Jatropha curcus in 20% flyash amended soil and thereby decreased results at higher concentrations have also been observed which can thereby be directly correlated with the chlorophyll content of the plant. Thus the increase in both the parameters at low dose of flyash indicates the healthy growth status of Jatropha curcus Hence through the present venture we are utilizing a waste that is fly ash and using it for the growth of Jatropha curcus, a biodiesel plant which also helps in absorbing the greenhouse gases (CO2 AND CH4)

IMPACT ON PROLINE CONTENT OF JATROPHA CURCAS IN FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL WITH RESPECT TO HEAVY METALS

Objective: To reveal the property of Jatropha curcas, to retain itself under the heavy metal stress of high concentration of fly ash through the increase in proline content in plants.Methods: A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate growth performance, biochemical and physiological responses of the Jatropha curcas (n=15) in fly ash amended the soil. The present study was performed as an attempt to determine the growth performance of Jatropha curcas using various concentrations of fly ash and soil [100% soil (T1), 25% fly ash+75% soil (T2), 50% fly ash+50% soil (T3) and 75% fly ash+25% soil (T4) and 100% fly ash (T5)]. The elemental composition (Zn, Ca, Mg, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Cd) was studied by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in base material at the beginning and at the end of the study. The three years response was reported and observed that the proline content in Jatropha curcas leaves increased as the fly ash concentration increased (as proline is a stress protein which is formed according to the defensive capability of plants).Results: After three years of complete plant growth the elemental (heavy metals) uptake increased with respect to the availability. The overall proline content increased as 2.48 µg/ml, 3.97 µg/ml, 4.78 µg/ml, 5.25 µg/ml and 5.60 µg/ml in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. After evaluating the correlation between heavy metal uptake and proline content, all the results showed positive significance at 0.05% and 0.01% significance level.Conclusion: According to the results it has been proved that when heavy metal uptake by Jatropha curcas increases through fly ash, the proline content increases according to its capability to defence itself in stress conditions. This research motivated to waste utilization, sustainable development, and environment protection.Keywords: Soil, Fly ash, Jatropha curcas, Proline, Growth performanc

Autoimmune Parkinsonism: A Newer Manifestation of Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2 Autoimmunity: A Case Report

Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibodies are part of an expanding spectrum of disorders. Although they were initially associated with Morvan’s syndrome and peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, their clinical manifestations are more varied than previously recognized. In this report, we present a rare case of a middle-aged woman who experienced gait disturbances, sleep disturbances, behavioral changes, and postural abnormalities over a period of five months. A thorough examination revealed a Parkinsonian phenotype. Considering the timeline and symptomatology, an autoimmune work-up was conducted, which detected CASPR2 antibodies in the patient’s serum. Treatment with high-dose intravenous Methylprednisolone followed by rituximab effectively reversed her clinical manifestations without residual neurological deficits

Cancer trends in India: A review of population-based cancer registries (2005–2014)

There is a constant rise in cancer cases, but the trends and pattern vary according to the geographical region. The aim of this brief research was to present an update of all cancer incidences through age-adjusted rates and their changes in different regions of the country. The data for this study were obtained from published reports of 28 population-based cancer registries (2005–2014) in India. Among males, currently, East/Northeast region ranked first, on the basis of incidence of cancer cases. Out of 28 registries, 11 registries encountered lung cancer as the leading site. Currently, East/Northeast regions were ranked first on the basis of incidence of cancer cases among females. Our study showed that 20 registries among the 28 had breast cancer as the leading one. Thus, the present overview revealed that all cancers in both males and females are consistent and had a high incidence in East/Northeast region of the country

Tobacco Cessation in India

Tobacco use is the most common cause of non-communicable disease related morbidity and mortality worldwide despite being preventable. Almost fifty percent or more than seven million tobacco users get killed each year and about 13 percent of them are non-smokers being exposed to second hand smoke (1). According to the recent National family health survey (NFHS-4) study for the year 2015-16, there were 38.9% men who use any kind of tobacco in urban while 48% in rural areas of India. On the other hand, 4.4% of women in urban and 8.1% in rural use any kind of tobacco. Prevalence of tobacco use in the ages of 13-15 among boys was 19% and girls 8.3 % according to global youth tobacco survey of 2009. The tobacco dependence was considered as disease by the international classification of diseases (ICD 10). Proportion of tobacco related cancers in comparison to all other cancers were reported to be as high as 25% in men and 18% in women (2)

Oral cancer incidence trends in Delhi (1990–2014): An alarming scenario

Background: Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, which accounts for over 30% of all cancers reported in the country, and oral cancer control is quickly becoming a global health priority. We have conducted an age period analysis of oral cancer incidence trends using the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) data in Delhi over a 24-year period (1990–2014) to address the trends of one of the leading cancer sites in Delhi. Materials and Methods: The data of oral cancer proportion and incidence for the year 1990–2014 were taken from Delhi PBCR which records cancer cases from more than 180 government and 250 private facilities. The data were segregated by sex, age, and anatomical site and were analyzed to calculate age-specific incidence rates and expressed in cases per 100,000 persons/year. Results: The highest incidence for both genders was seen in the age group 50–59 years and the lowest incidence for both genders was in youngest age group (<20 years) for all the years from 1990 to 2014. The relative proportion of oral cancer among all types of cancer in Delhi has shown alarming rise from the year 2003 onward. Conclusion: Increasing relative proportion of oral cancer can be implicated in increased consumption of gutkha chewers in the last decade of the 20th Century. As access to health-care services and cancer-related awareness is highly variable in India, more in-depth analysis of the incidence of oral cancer in rural regions will be required

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Important Candidate Genes Related to Nutrient Reservoir, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Defence Proteins during Grain Development of Hexaploid Bread Wheat and Its Diploid Progenitors

Wheat grain development after anthesis is an important biological process, in which major components of seeds are synthesised, and these components are further required for germination and seed vigour. We have made a comparative RNA-Seq analysis between hexaploid wheat and its individual diploid progenitors to know the major differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved during grain development. Two libraries from each species were generated with an average of 55.63, 55.23, 68.13, and 103.81 million reads, resulting in 79.3K, 113.7K, 90.6K, and 121.3K numbers of transcripts in AA, BB, DD, and AABBDD genome species respectively. Number of expressed genes in hexaploid wheat was not proportional to its genome size, but marginally higher than that of its diploid progenitors. However, to capture all the transcripts in hexaploid wheat, sufficiently higher number of reads was required. Functional analysis of DEGs, in all the three comparisons, showed their predominance in three major classes of genes during grain development, i.e., nutrient reservoirs, carbohydrate metabolism, and defence proteins; some of them were subsequently validated through real time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Further, developmental stage&ndash;specific gene expression showed most of the defence protein genes expressed during initial developmental stages in hexaploid contrary to the diploids at later stages. Genes related to carbohydrates anabolism expressed during early stages, whereas catabolism genes expressed at later stages in all the species. However, no trend was observed in case of different nutrient reservoirs gene expression. This data could be used to study the comparative gene expression among the three diploid species and homeologue-specific expression in hexaploid

Not Available

Not AvailableWheat grain development after anthesis is an important biological process, in which major components of seeds are synthesised, and these components are further required for germination and seed vigour. We have made a comparative RNA-Seq analysis between hexaploid wheat and its individual diploid progenitors to know the major di erentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved during grain development. Two libraries from each species were generated with an average of 55.63, 55.23, 68.13, and 103.81 million reads, resulting in 79.3K, 113.7K, 90.6K, and 121.3K numbers of transcripts in AA, BB, DD, and AABBDD genome species respectively. Number of expressed genes in hexaploid wheat was not proportional to its genome size, but marginally higher than that of its diploid progenitors. However, to capture all the transcripts in hexaploid wheat, su ciently higher number of reads was required. Functional analysis of DEGs, in all the three comparisons, showed their predominance in three major classes of genes during grain development, i.e., nutrient reservoirs, carbohydrate metabolism, and defence proteins; some of them were subsequently validated through real time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Further, developmental stage–specific gene expression showed most of the defence protein genes expressed during initial developmental stages in hexaploid contrary to the diploids at later stages. Genes related to carbohydrates anabolism expressed during early stages, whereas catabolism genes expressed at later stages in all the species. However, no trend was observed in case of di erent nutrient reservoirs gene expression. This data could be used to study the comparative gene expression among the three diploid species and homeologue-specific expression in hexaploid.Not Availabl