Fetal Binocular Distance in Sudanese, Sono-graphic Study

Background: Recent developments in fetal ultrasound technology represent effective tools for gestation age (GA) estimation and screening of abnormalities in fetal development. Fetal orbital measurements as well as binocular distance (BOD) not performed routinely during obstetrical sono-graphy, although not very popular, can aid in GA and fetal weight (FW) estimation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to construct reference ranges for fetal BOD in Sudan, and to evaluate the correlations of BOD with GA, FW, sex, and other common biometric measurements. Subjects and methods: In this prospective, descriptive, cross sectional study, a total of 385 Sudanese healthy pregnant ladies with regular menstrual cycle and certainty about the time of the last menstrual period and age ranged of 16 – 44 years, within 14 to 41 weeks of gestation; individuals underwent routine sono-graphy were examined at obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Omdurman, Sudan. Normal pregnancies of viable singleton with good sono-graphic visualization of the fetus face were included in this study. Moreover, descriptive statistics, linear regression models were employed by using SPSS version 22 (SPSS Inc, IBM) at 95% confidence intervals. Results: Fetal BOD range (15 - 64 mm),mean (40.1 ± 10.7 mm). Linear growth functions were significant between BOD with GA (r=0.930, P < 0.0001), FW (r=0.801, P < 0.0001) and other common fetal biometric parameters such as biparietal diameter (r=0.935, P < 0.0001), head circumference (r=0.879, P < 0.0001), femur length (r=0.939, P < 0.0001) and abdominal circumference (r=0.701, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, BOD showed significant correlation with both fetal sex (P = 0.021) and mother’s tribe (P = 0.023). Conclusion: BOD significantly increased with increasing GA. Reference ranges developed in the present study will enable accurate evaluation of menstrual age throughout pregnancy. However, nomograms of BOD for Sudanese fetuses of 14–41 weeks gestation have been constructed

A Fast Vertical Edge Detection Algorithm for Car License Plate Detection

Recently, License Plate Detection (LPD) has been used in many applications especially in transportation systems. Many methods have been proposed in order to detect license plates, but most of them worked under restricted conditions, such as fixed illumination, stationary background, and high resolution images. LPD plays an important role in Car License Plate Recognition (CLPR) system because it affects the system's accuracy. This thesis aims to propose a fast vertical edge detector using Vertical Edge Detection Algorithm (VEDA) and to build a Car License Plate Detection (CLPD) method. Pre-processing step is performed in order to enhance and initialize the input image for the next steps. This step is divided into three processes: First, the color image conversion to a gray scale image. Second, an adaptive thresholding is used in order to constitute a binarized image. Third, Unwanted Lines Elimination Algorithm (ULEA) is used in order to enhance the image. The next step is to extract the vertical edges from the 352x288 resolution image by using VEDA. This algorithm is based on the contrast between the values in the binarized image. VEDA is proposed in order to enhance the CLPD method computation time. After the vertical edges have been extracted by VEDA, a morphological operation is used to highlight the vertical details in the image. Next, candidate regions are extracted. Finally, the license plate area is detected. This thesis shows that VEDA is faster than Sobel operator; the results reveal that VEDA is faster than Sobel by about 5-9 times, this range depends on the image resolution. The proposed CLPD method can efficiently detect the license plate area. The method shows the total time of processing one 352x288 image is 47.7 ms, and it meets the requirement of real time processing. Under the experiment datasets, which were taken from real scenes, 579 from 643 images are successfully detected. The average accuracy of car license plate detection is 90%. For more evaluation and comparison purposes, the proposed CLPD method is compared with a similar Malaysian license plate detection method, which is CAR Plate Extraction Technology (CARPET). This comparison reveled that the CLPD method is more efficient than CARPET and also has more detection rate

Effects of different amounts of water and irrigation intervals on growth and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under New Hamdab conditions

    حساب الاحتياج المائي يعتبر احد مفاتيح القياسات المهمة لجدولة الري خاصة في المناطق ذات مصادر المياه المحدودة. اجريت هذه الدراسة بالولاية الشمالية ، مشروع الحامداب الجديدة الزراعي في الفترة من 2008/09 الى 2009/10م. هدفت الدراسة الى معرفة تأثير كمية مياه الري والفترة بين الريات على النمو والانتاج ومكونات الانتاج وكفاءة استخدام المياه. تمت زراعة القمح صنف وادى النيل مع كميات ري مختلفة و هي  5 و 6 و7 ملم/ يوم وفترات ري 7    و 10 و 14 يوم. صممت التجربة بنظام القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (RCBD) و بأربعة مكررات. تم أخذ  طول النبات وعدد الحبوب في السنبلة و وزن الالف حبة وانتاج الحبوب و الناتج الحيوي ومخلفات الانتاج. اوضحت النتائج ان هناك فروق معنوية عالية جدا على كل الصفات المدروسة ماعدا وزن الالف حبة. بصورة عامة الري 7ملم /يوم وكل 7 ايام والري 7 ملم/يوم وكل 10 ايام  اعطيا اعلى قيم لكل الصفات المدروسة . الري كل 14 يوم اعطى اقل قيم لكل الصفات المدروسة خاصة انتاج الحبوب لذلك يجب تجنبه في المناطق الجاف

Implementing Real-time Visitor Counter Using Surveillance Video and MobileNet-SSD Object Detection: The Best Practice

إن معرفة عدد الأشخاص في المباني والمنشآت يساهم بشكل كبير في المحافظة على سلامة الزائرين وكذلك توفير معلومات مفيدة لإدارة تلك المؤسسات. تهدف هذه الورقة الى استخدام الذكاء الصناعي والاستفادة من كاميرات المراقبة في معرفة عدد الأشخاص المتواجدين في مبنى ما. قام الباحثون ببناء قاعدة بيانات بسيناريوهات مختلفة لتنفيذ تجارب متنوعة لمعرفة افضل ممارسة ممكنة في استخدام هذا النوع من العدادات. ومن خلال تلك التجارب حقق الباحثون نتائج متميزة في السيناريوهات التي تتكون من شخص واحد او شخصين باتجاهين منفصلين حيث وصلة نسبة الدقة الى 100%. Counters that keep track of the number of people who enter a building are a useful management tool for keeping everyone who uses it safe and happy. This paper aims to employ the MobileNet-SSD machine learning approach to implement a best practice for visitor counter. The researchers have to build a different scenario test dataset along with the MOT20 dataset to achieve the proposed methodology. Implementing different experiments in single-user, one-one; two-two users; many-two, and multiple users in different walking directions to detect and count shows varied results based on the experiment type. The best achieved by single-user and one-to-one model; both are scored 100% of detecting and calculating for in or out

Indu-Diesel and Bio-Diesel as Renewable Fuel Synthesis from Used Automotive and Frying Oils

Generally, the types of used oil by human to meet its necessary requirements regardless of its source, whether industrial or vegetarian or animal are considered as one of environmental contaminants which ceaseless due to continue consumption and continuation put forward of it in huge amounts by a large proportion of population in cities and rural areas. Automotive engines need to replace their lubricating oil after passing a distance reach to (1000 – 1500) km to ensure the safety and not affected the car engine leading to poses not inconsiderable oil quantity of industrial origin to environment, if accounting the number of cars and the amount of replaced oil by each car engine after commuting the aforementioned distance. Human need to an almost daily basis for frying the food which is eating it during the three daily meals leaving great amounts of agricultural or animal origin oils due to the large number of population. Both types form contamination because it contains a harmful or undesirable materials for human and environment together, especially if throw these oils directly without treatment. This research tackles the ability of producing two types of diesel fuels, the first one is indu-diesel which prepared from used automotive oils (UAO) and the second type is bio-diesel that synthesis from used frying oil (UFO) using concentrated sulfuric acid and thermal treated eggshell for two types of produced diesel fuel (PDF), then complete the production process by applied clay treatment with faujasite type Y-zeolite for indu-diesel from UAO and ethanol for bio-diesel from UFO and after that all required test were performed for two types and compared the results with ordinary diesel of fossil fuel origin. The results show that convergence in values of tests for both types of PDFs with ordinary diesel with a relative vantage for indu-diesel on bio-diesel. Thus, obtained a petroleum product (diesel) which can be used directly as fuel or mixing with ordinary diesel from one side, and from another side it can get-rid of UAO and UFO by economic, benefit, useful and eco-friendly method. Keywords: : indu-diesel, biodiesel, ordinary diesel, automotive oil, frying oil, renewable fuel, eggshell and PD

Simulation Study of Adrenaline Synthesis from Phenylalanine

          Simulation study of Adrenaline synthesis from Phenylalanine has been carried out using semi-empirical methods (PM3) and density functional theory (DFT) STO-3G level of theory . Geometrical properties and vibration mods have been calculated for all structures. Different probable products have been suggested for each reaction and the most probable products being selected depending upon the electronic properties to prove the pathway of reactions that’s needed to synthesis adrenaline in the human body.           The calculations show the most probable product than other structurs due its energetic values of total energy, energy barrier value, heat of formation, zero point energy, imaginary frequency and rate constant that’s equal to (5.554*1012, 5.572*1012, 7.857*1012, 1.331*1013,1.116*1013) respectively by s-1 units. Thermodynamic functions (∆H, ∆S, ∆G) have been calculated for five steps reactions of Adrenaline synthesis . In reaction 1 equal to (-69.468, 1.37*10-4, -66.610), reaction 2 (-46.453, 3.044*10-3, -64.710), reaction 3 (-63.734, 0.022, 138.900), reaction 4 (87.036, 8.631*10-3, -451.510) and reaction 5 (-6.722,-0.025, 346,800) respectively by kCal/mol, kCal/mol/deg, and kCal/mol respective units. The chemical reactivity or energy gap has been calculated for the most probable products in the pathway of adrenaline synthesis

Uni and Simplex Optimization for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Erythromycin ethylsuccinate Drug via Charge-Transfer Complex Formation

Charge transfer complex formation method has been applied for the spectrophotometric determination of erythromycin ethylsuccinate, in bulk sample and dosage form. The method was accurate, simple, rapid, inexpensive and sensitive depending on the formed charge- transfer complex between cited drug and, 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p- benzoquinone (DDQ) as a chromogenic reagent. The formed complex shows absorbance maxima at 587 nm against reagent blank. The calibration graph is linear in the ranges of (10 - 110) µg.mL-1 with detection limit of 0.351µg.mL-1. The results show the absence of interferences from the excipients on the determination of the drug. Therefore the proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of erythromycin ethylsuccinate in pharmaceutical preparations. Keywords: Simplex, Spectrophotometric, Erythromycin ethylsuccinate , Charge- transfer

Soil bulk density and some related soil physical properties in relation to soil moisture content under New Hamdab conditions, northern Sudan

    This study was carried out during 2009/10, in New Hamdab Research Station Farm, Northern State, Sudan. Soil bulk density was determined with its corresponding soil moisture contents for depths 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm from a soil profile of 120 cm deep using the core method. Correlation between soil bulk density versus each of soil depths (D) and soil moisture contents were made, nevertheless, the bulk density related soil physical properties values in relation to moisture content were also estimated. The results indicated that soil bulk density had a significant linear positive relationship (P ≤ 0.001) with soil depth (r²=0.89), and negatively related to soil moisture content for all the tested depths(r²= 0.99, 0.98, 0.97, 0.58 and 0.98). The values of all related soil physical properties to soil bulk density increased with increasing gravimetric soil moisture content for all depths except for the air filled porosity which decreased. A calculated amount of irrigation water of 1693 m³/ha is needed to irrigate an air dry soil that contains about 5% moisture. أجريت هذه التجربة في موسم 2009/10 في مزرعة محطة بحوث الحامداب الجديدة، مشروع الحامداب الجديدة الزراعي في شمال السودان. تم تحديد الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة مع محتوي الماء عند أعماق 0- 20 سم ،20-40 سم ، 40-60 سم، 60-80 سم و 80- 100 سم من قطاع أرضى بعمق120سم مستخدمين طريقة Core method)). وقد تم إجراء اختبار لعلاقة الارتباط بين الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة و العمق، وكذلك بين الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة ومحتوي الماء. كما تم اختبار علاقة قيم خصائص التربة الفيزيائية ذات الصلة بالكثافة الظاهرية للتربة والمحتوي المائي. وقد أوضحت النتائج أن للكثافة الظاهرية للتربة علاقة معنوية ايجابية (p ≤ 0.001) مع عمق التربة (r² = 0.99)، وعلاقة معنوية عكسية مع محتوى الماء عند كل الأعماق أعلاه حيث كان معامل التحديد (Coefficient of determination) يساوى  0,99 ، 0,98، 0,97 و 0,57 على التوالي. ولذلك فمعادلات الانحدار كانت مناسبة لمنحنى الكثافة الظاهرية للتربة لكل الأعماق. كذلك ازدادت قيم كل خصائص التربة الفيزيائية ذات الصلة بالكثافة الظاهرية بزيادة محتوى الماء في التربة ماعدا مسامية هواء التربة والتي تناقصت بزيادة محتوى الماء في التربة. كما أبانت الدراسة أن كمية مياه الري المطلوبة لري هذه التربة عند درجة محتوى ماء 5% تساوى 1693 مترا مكعبا لكل هكتار وهذه الكمية التي تحتاجها هذه التربة عند الزراعة.   &nbsp