The Behavior of Organizational Citizenship in Palestinian Police Force between Reality and Expectations

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the behavior of organizational citizenship in Palestinian Police Force between reality and expectations, and this study comes to study the reality of human resources and their organizational behavior in the police apparatus, which is the largest security services operating in Gaza Strip, so it is expected that this study will contribute to improving this This aspect will be reflected positively on serving the country and the citizen and achieving security and safety for them. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, using the questionnaire, and targeting a stratified random sample of (400) officers, who hold the rank of captain and above, from the study population of 1550 officers, and the study tool was distributed to the sample members in all departments and governorates Police in Gaza Strip. (353) questionnaires were retrieved, with a recovery rate of (88.3%), and they were analyzed using (SPSS) software. The study found that the organizational citizenship behavior was largely due to all its components. The study also showed that there are statistically significant differences between the respondents ’average response towards the organizational citizenship behavior due to the variables (type of administration, age group, job title, military rank, and years of service). The study recommended taking into account the interests of employees when making decisions and involving them in formulating them, explaining their justifications, and finally, the study recommended that organizational citizenship behavior be considered an organizational value that the police seek, and to create an organizational climate in which a sense of justice prevails, given its prominent role in stability, calm and discipline at work Thus, the elevation of the police institution and the achievement of its desired goals

Determinants of Organizational Justice and Their Relationship to Conscientious Behavior from the Point Of View of Officers Working In the Palestinian Police Force

Abstract: Purpose - This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the determinants of organizational justice and their relationship to conscientious behavior from the point of view of officers working in the Palestinian police in Gaza Strip. Methodology - The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, using the questionnaire, targeting a stratified random sample of (400) officers, who hold the rank of captain and above, from the study population of 1550 officers. The study tool was distributed among the sample members in all departments and governorates. Police in Gaza Strip. (353) questionnaires were retrieved, with a recovery rate of (88.3%). Findings - The existence of a positive correlation between the determinants of organizational justice and the behavior of conscience, and the existence of organizational justice in general in a medium degree and the order of its determinants is as follows: fairness of dealings and to a large degree, followed by fairness of procedures and a medium degree, and finally distribution fairness was to a small degree, while the behavior of conscience awareness came to a large extent. Significance - The existence of statistically significant differences between the respondents' averages of responding to the searched relationship due to the variables (type of administration, age group, job title, military rank, years of service). Recommendations - Work to take into account the fairness of distribution by providing adequate and fair salaries, granting bonuses for the additional efforts exerted, and budgeting in the distribution of duties and job burdens, as well as recommending attention to the interests of employees when making decisions and involving them in formulating them, explaining their justifications, and creating an organizational climate dominated by a sense of justice

Sensing Organizational Justice and Its Relationship to Altruistic Behavior in the Palestinian Police

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the determinants of organizational justice and altruistic behavior from the point of view of the police officers in Gaza Strip. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, using the questionnaire, and targeting a stratified random sample of (400) officers, who hold the rank of captain and above, from the study population of 1550 officers, and the study tool was distributed to the sample members in all departments and governorates Police in Gaza Strip. (353) questionnaires were retrieved, with a recovery rate of (88.3%). The study found the existence of a positive correlation between the determinants of organizational justice and altruistic behavior, and the study also found the existence of organizational justice in general in a moderate degree and the order of its determinants was as follows: fairness of dealings and to a large degree, followed by fairness of procedures and a medium degree, and finally, distribution fairness was to a small degree, as for altruistic behavior. It came to a large extent. There are statistically significant differences between the respondents ’average response to the researched relationship due to the variables (Type Of Administration, Age Group, Job Title, Military Rank, and Years of Service). Taking into account the fairness of distribution by providing appropriate and fair salaries, granting bonuses for the additional efforts exerted, and budgeting in the distribution of duties and job burdens, and paying attention to the interests of employees when making decisions and involving them in formulating them, explaining their justifications, and considering altruistic behavior as a value, and the creation of an organizational climate dominated by a sense of justice, because of its prominent role in stability, calm and discipline at work, and thus the elevation of the police institution and the achievement of its desired goals

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Catalase Is Strongly Associated with Ovarian Cancer Survival

<div><p>Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers. Recent evidence demonstrates an association between enzymatic activity altering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with human cancer susceptibility. We sought to evaluate the association of SNPs in key oxidant and antioxidant enzymes with increased risk and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. Individuals (n = 143) recruited were divided into controls, (n = 94): healthy volunteers, (n = 18), high-risk <i>BRCA1/2</i> negative (n = 53), high-risk <i>BRCA1/2</i> positive (n = 23) and ovarian cancer cases (n = 49). DNA was subjected to TaqMan SNP genotype analysis for selected oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Of the seven selected SNP studied, no association with ovarian cancer risk (Pearson Chi-square) was found. However, a catalase SNP was identified as a predictor of ovarian cancer survival by the Cox regression model. The presence of this SNP was associated with a higher likelihood of death (hazard ratio (HR) of 3.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.149–11.836)) for ovarian cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significant median overall survival difference (108 versus 60 months, p<0.05) for those without the catalase SNP as compared to those with the SNP. Additionally, age at diagnosis greater than the median was found to be a significant predictor of death (HR of 2.78 (95% CI: 1.022–7.578)). This study indicates a strong association with the catalase SNP and survival of ovarian cancer patients, and thus may serve as a prognosticator.</p></div

Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves for in ovarian cancer utilizing a specific catalase SNP.

<p>The solid curve represents cases with (CC) homozygous wild-type genotype as compared to the dashed curve, which represents cases with homozygous mutant plus heterozygous mutant (CT+TT) genotypes. The X-axis represents patient survival in months; the Y-axis represents cumulative survival percentage. Chi-square p-value 0<0.05 is considered statistically significant.</p

Characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphisms examined for genotyping.

<p>AA; amino acid, Ala; alanine, CAT; catalase, CYBA; NAD(P)H oxidase subunit (NOX4), GSR; glutathione reductase, GPX; glutathione peroxidase, His; histidine, Leu; leucine, MAF; minor allele frequency, MnSOD; manganese superoxide dismutase, MPO; myeloperoxidase, NCBI; National Center for Biotechnology Information, NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, Ser; serine, SNP; single nucleotide polymorphism, Tyr; tyrosine, Val; valine.</p><p>Characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphisms examined for genotyping.</p

Comparison of cases and controls based on demographic, personal or family history of cancer, and genotypic characteristics.

<p><i>*p< 0</i>.<i>05</i>, <i>CAT; catalase</i>, <i>CYBA; NAD(P)H oxidase subunit (NOX4)</i>, <i>GPX; glutathione peroxidase</i>, <i>GSR; glutathione reductase</i>, <i>MnSOD; manganese superoxide dismutase</i>, <i>MPO; myeloperoxidase</i>, <i>NOS2; inducible nitric oxide synthase</i>.</p><p>Comparison of cases and controls based on demographic, personal or family history of cancer, and genotypic characteristics.</p

Cox regression analysis for selected SNPs in key oxidants and antioxidants genes in ovarian cancer.

<p>Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) for the variables included in the model.</p><p>* p<0.05, degrees of freedom = 1 for all analyses. CYBA; NAD(P)H oxidase subunit (NOX4), GPX; glutathione peroxidase, GSR; glutathione reductase, MnSOD; manganese superoxide dismutase, MPO; myeloperoxidase, NOS2; inducible nitric oxide synthase. For this analysis, several “Method”simulations were performed such as: forced entry (ENTER), forward LR (likelihood ratio), etc. The forward LR was chosen for the final analysis. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135739#pone.0135739.t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a> includes the strongest predictors kept by the model as well as those rejected by the model. The Cox regression model generated the scores in the table. The P-values are noted in the column significance; *p<0.05, is considered statistically significant.</p><p>Cox regression analysis for selected SNPs in key oxidants and antioxidants genes in ovarian cancer.</p

Stakeholder Perspectives on an Inpatient Hypoglycemia Informatics Alert: Mixed Methods Study

BackgroundIatrogenic hypoglycemia is a common occurrence among hospitalized patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Clinical decision support systems can be used to reduce the incidence of this potentially avoidable adverse event. ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the desired features and functionality of a real-time informatics alert to prevent iatrogenic hypoglycemia in a hospital setting. MethodsUsing the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Five Rights of Effective Clinical Decision Support Framework, we conducted a mixed methods study using an electronic survey and focus group sessions of hospital-based providers. The goal was to elicit stakeholder input to inform the future development of a real-time informatics alert to target iatrogenic hypoglycemia. In addition to perceptions about the importance of the problem and existing barriers, we sought input regarding the content, format, channel, timing, and recipient for the alert (ie, the Five Rights). Thematic analysis of focus group sessions was conducted using deductive and inductive approaches. ResultsA 21-item electronic survey was completed by 102 inpatient-based providers, followed by 2 focus group sessions (6 providers per session). Respondents universally agreed or strongly agreed that inpatient iatrogenic hypoglycemia is an important problem that can be addressed with an informatics alert. Stakeholders expressed a preference for an alert that is nonintrusive, accurate, communicated in near real time to the ordering provider, and provides actionable treatment recommendations. Several electronic medical record tools, including alert indicators in the patient header, glucose management report, and laboratory results section, were deemed acceptable formats for consideration. Concerns regarding alert fatigue were prevalent among both survey respondents and focus group participants. ConclusionsThe design preferences identified in this study will provide the framework needed for an informatics team to develop a prototype alert for pilot testing and evaluation. This alert will help meet the needs of hospital-based clinicians caring for patients with diabetes who are at a high risk of treatment-related hypoglycemia