Malaria case classification in Selangor (2006-2012).

<p>Malaria cases were classified as either local, imported, relapsed cases or unclassified/unknown. Classification was based on patient history. Cases of patients residing in Selangor for 2 weeks or less would be classified as imported. As shown above, there is an increase of local cases from 2006 to 2012 (except 2010), with the highest number of local cases (116) being reported in 2011. Imported cases, though decreasing from 2007, still remain higher than local cases with the highest number of imported cases (300) being reported in 2007. By 2012, there is an almost equal percentage of imported and local cases. Relapsed cases were also reported in all years except 2007 and 2012, with 17 cases being the highest in 2010. In all relapsed cases, <i>Plasmodium </i><i>vivax</i> was the infective agent. Some cases were denoted as unclassified due to lack of data. </p

Map of the study area showing the distribution of <i>Anopheles</i> species mosquitoes, macaque monkeys, and <i>P.knowlesi</i> malaria cases.

<p>Most of Selangor districts are exposed to <i>Anopheles </i><i>species</i> malaria vectors and <i>Macaca </i><i>fascicularis</i>. Only Hulu Selangor has reported <i>P. knowlesi</i> cases according to vector lab records.</p

Maps of confirmed reported malaria cases by district, 2006 to 2012.

<p>Malaria endemicity showing the distribution of malaria cases, as indicated by district-level estimates based on available survey data from the Klang Vector Laboratory, Selangor, Department of Health. The districts were generated into shaded maps, in which the values for the cases are represented in shades from light (low cases) to dark (high cases). (<b>A</b>) Map showing cases that originated from outside the state of Selangor (Imported cases) (<b>B</b>). Map showing malaria cases that originated locally within the State of Selangor (Local cases).</p

Malaria incidences caused by the different species of <i>Plasmodium</i> in Selangor (2006- 2012).

<p>Five different species of <i>Plasmodium</i> (excluding mixed cases) were identified as causes of malaria in Selangor (2006-2012). Based on the graph, from 2006 to 2012, the most common agent of malaria is <i>P. vivax</i>, followed by <i>P. falciparum</i> (with the exception of 2012, where <i>P. knowlesi</i> cases are second most common). More <i>P. knowlesi</i> cases are reported from 2008 onwards. The least common agent is <i>P. ovale</i>, with only one case in 2010. Mixed cases of <i>P. vivax</i> and <i>P. falciparum</i> are also noted in this graph.</p