41 research outputs found
Public Health: Prevention
Nowadays, colorectal cancer prevention strategies play an essential role in reducing the incidence and mortality of the cases. A well-designed and establishment of the clinical pathway of screening programme needed in all country. Types of screening tools used may vary between the country with the use of FOBT and colonoscopy. The standard guideline related to screening programme such as for high-risk group should be emphasized more as compared to the low-risk group. The uptake of screening for CRC should be highlighted more as the program have showed a significantly reduction of the cases and mortality. The barrier of CRC screening uptake mainly due to poor awareness, discomfort, low physician recommendation, low socioeconomic and improper screening programme. Therefore others prevention strategies beside screening program such as health education and interactive intervention strategies need to be empower
Factors and Barriers on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillator Willingness to Use among the Community: A 2016–2021 Systematic Review and Data Synthesis
Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and using an automated external defibrillator (AED) can improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. However, bystander CPR and AED rates remained consistently low. The goal of this systematic review was to assess factors influencing community willingness to perform CPR and use an AED for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival (OHCA) victims, as well as its barriers. Methods: The review processes (PROSPERO: CRD42021257851) were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) review protocol; formulation of review questions; systematic search strategy based on identification, screening, and eligibility using established databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline Complete via EBSCOhost; quality appraisal; and data extraction and analysis. There is identification of full-text journal articles that were published between 2016 and 2021 and written in English. Results: Of the final 13 articles, there are six identified factors associated with willingness to perform CPR and use an AED, including socio-demographics, training, attitudes, perceived norms, self-efficacy, and legal obligation. Younger age, men, higher level of education, employed, married, having trained in CPR and AED in the previous 5 years, having received CPR education on four or more occasions, having a positive attitude and perception toward CPR and AED, having confidence to perform CPR and to apply an AED, and legal liability protection under emergency medical service law were reasons why one would be more likely to indicate a willingness to perform CPR and use an AED. The most reported barriers were fear of litigation and injuring a victim. Conclusions: There is a need to empower all the contributing factors and reduce the barrier by emphasizing the importance of CPR and AEDs. The role played by all stakeholders should be strengthened to ensure the success of intervention programs, and indirectly, that can reduce morbidity and mortality among the community from OHCA
Plain packaging and pictorial warning in Asia countries : where are we?
Worldwide, around 8 million people die yearly due to tobacco usage. Cigarette smoking is the most popular form of tobacco usage. Smoking has linked to many detrimental health effects among adults and adolescents. Recognising the burden of smoking, World Health Organization have implemented various tobacco control strategies under the Framework Convention of Tobacco Control and mPOWER. This includes implementation of plain packaging and pictorial warning. In Asia, only Thailand, Singapore, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Israel have implemented plain cigarette pack. However, some countries have made progress to implement plain cigarette pack. Although some countries have not implemented plain pack, implementation of larger pictorial warning serve as a pathway for implementation of plain packaging. Countries with pictorial warning on cigarette pack should ensure it covers at least 50% of pack. Timor Leste has the largest pictorial warning on cigarette pack in the world. In conclusion, only 5 countries in Asia have implemented plain pack and some countries in this region are yet to implement size of pictorial warning according to requirement of World Health Organization. All countries should target to implement standardized pack to denormalise tobacco usage
Factors influencing physical activity in pregnancy : a systematic review
Lack of physical activity in pregnancy may lead to poor maternal and perinatal
outcomes including gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders and postpartum
depression. Given these risks, identifying factors that influence physical activity
in pregnancy is crucial to planning and implementing appropriate interventional
programmes and managing this vulnerable group. Peer reviewed articles on factors
influencing physical activity in pregnancy were searched using the Pub-Med and
Ovid databases, from 2014 to 2019. The selected articles were reviewed by two
authors and critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool 2018. A
total of 16 articles were included. Factors that positively influenced physical activity
in pregnancy were fun, higher economic status, early trimester, and higher body
weight. Factors that negatively influenced physical activity in pregnancy were lack
of knowledge, lack of social support, multiparity, physical pain and discomfort,
ethnic minority status, and concern for the safety of the baby. Fun was one of the
most reported motivators of physical activity in pregnancy, and the most reported
reason for reduced physical activity was lack of knowledge. Additionally, social
support from friends and family played an important role in encouraging pregnant
women to be active. This systematic review highlights the need to improve current
health education programmes for physical activity in pregnancy, which should
ideally be extended and targeted to the whole community, beyond pregnant
women themselves for better uptake and acceptance
Tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan terhadap pencegahan HIV/AIDS dalam kalangan ibu muda
Pengenalan
Sindrom Kurang Daya Tahan Melawan Penyakit atau Acquired Immuno
Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) adalah berpunca daripada jangkitan Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan merupakan penyakit dengan morbiditi
dan mortaliti yang tinggi. Ibu muda adalah sub-populasi yang berisiko tinggi
untuk memperoleh HIV melalui aktiviti seksual. Maklumat mengenai tahap
pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan dalam kalangan ibu muda di Malaysia
mengenai pencegahan HIV/AIDS adalah masih terhad. Oleh itu, objektif
kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan
terhadap pencegahan HIV/AIDS dalam kalangan ibu muda serta faktor-faktor
yang mempengaruhinya.
Kaedah
Satu kajian keratan rentas telah dijalankan di sebuah hospital tertiari di pusat
bandar dalam kalangan seramai 147 orang ibu muda yang berusia 18-30
tahun dan mendapatkan rawatan di Post Natal dan Wad Obstetrik dan
Ginekologi (O&G). Pengumpulan data telah dijalankan pada bulan AprilNovember
2014 dan pemilihan responden adalah berdasarkan persampelan
rawak mudah. Soalselidik yang mengandungi instrumen-instrumen yang
telah divalidasi digunakan di dalam kajian ini. Kelulusan untuk menjalankan
kajian ini telah diperoleh dari Jawatankuasa Etika Penyelidikan UKM
sebelum prosedur pengumpulan data dilaksanakan.
Keputusan
Majoriti daripada ibu muda mempunyai pengetahuan (78.8%) dan amalan
(71.2%) yang baik terhadap pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Lebih separuh (56.7%)
daripada mereka mempunyai sikap yang positif terhadap pencegahan
HIV/AIDS. Hasil kajian mendapati, status perkahwinan dan kawasan tempat
tinggal ibu muda adalah berkait rapat dengan pengetahuan yang baik dan
sikap yang positif terhadap pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Manakala dari segi
amalan pula, ibu muda yang berkahwin dan berumur 5 tahun lebih tua
mempunyai keberangkalian tiga kali ganda untuk mempunyai amalan yang
baik terhadap pencegahan HIV/AIDS berbanding dengan ibu yang 5 tahun
lebih muda.
Kesimpulan
Kesimpulannya, tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan serta faktor yang
berkaitan dengan pencegahan HIV/AIDS boleh dijadikan sebagai garis
panduan untuk merancang program kesihatan di masa akan datang dalam
usaha mencegah HIV/AIDS di kalangan golongan ibu muda yang tidak
berkahwin bagi memastikan program pencegahan dapat dilaksanakan secara
efektif khususnya dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan serta
faktor yang berkaitan bagi membantu pencegahan HIV/AIDS di negara ini
Acceptance Factors of Pneumococcal Vaccination among Adult Population: A Systematic Review
Received 20 July 2018
Accepted 24 August 2018
Introduction
Pneumococcal disease causes considerable morbidity and mortality, including among adults. Adult pneumococcal vaccines help to prevent these burdens, yet, they are underutilized. Our objective is to systematically collect and summarize the available evidence on the potential factors that lead to pneumococcal vaccination acceptance among of adult community.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted involving studies published from January 1999 to December 2015. The studies were identified by searching electronic resources (PubMed/MEDLINE and Pro Quest database) and manual searches of references. The keywords “vaccine/ immunization”, “uptake/ coverage”, “determinant/ factor”, and “Streptococcus pneumoniae/ pneumococcus/ pneumococcal” were used. Final studies result and data were reviewed by two independent authors. Disagreement was resolved through discussion and consensus.
Results
A total of 171 studies were identified, only 17 studies were included in final discussion with 10 domains identified in the paper. 7 studies (41%) had reported that the provider domain, patients’ perception and socio-demographic factor have had the most effect on the pneumococcal vaccination acceptance rate. In addition, only 18% (3) of reviewed papers had highlighted that socio-economic was a factor influenced the pneumococcal vaccination acceptance while 24% (4 studies) were attributed to the comorbid domains.
Conclusions
Healthcare provider and patients’ perception about pneumococcal vaccination for adult population are significant domains which influence the acceptance towards vaccination. Strong recommendations from healthcare provider for pneumococcal vaccination would be an important step to increase vaccination acceptance among the population
Insecticide resistance of Dengue vectors in South East Asia: a systematic review
Background: The insecticides used widely has led to resistance in the
vector and impose a challenge to vector control operation. Objectives:
This review aims to analyse the distribution of insecticide resistance
of dengue vectors in South East Asia and to describe the mechanism of
insecticide resistance. Methods: Literature search for articles
published on 2015 to 2019 from PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest was
performed. Total of 37 studies included in the final review from the
initial 420 studies. Results: Pyrethroid resistance was concentrated
on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and Northern Thailand and
scattered at Java Island, Indonesia while organophosphate resistance
was seen across the Java Island (Indonesia), West Sumatera and North
Peninsular Malaysia. Organochlorine resistance was seen in Sabah,
Malaysia and scattered distribution in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
V1016G, S989P, F1269C gene mutation in Aedes Aegypti were associated
with Pyrethroid resistance in Singapore and Indonesia. In Malaysia,
over-expressed with monooxygenase P450 genes (CYP9J27, CYP6CB1, CYP9J26
and CYP9M4) Glutathione S-transferases, carboxylesterases commonly
associated with pyrethroids resistance in Aedes Aegypti and CYP612
overexpressed in Aedes Albopictus . The genetic mutation in A302S in
Aedes Albopictus was associated with organochlorine resistance in
Malaysia. Conclusions: Rotation of insecticide, integration with
synergist and routine assessment of resistance profile are recommended
strategies in insecticide resistance management
Tuberculosis contact tracing in low and middle income countries: a systematic review
Introduction
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health challenge especially in low- and middle-income countries reflects improper, delayed or missed diagnosis. Contact screening should be utilized both as an efficient and effective targeted approach to intensify TB case finding.
Methods
Through a comprehensive systematic literature review of online database, this paper aims at providing an insight into the current practice of TB contact screening and to provide evidence based practice for formulation of appropriate policies in low- and middle-income countries. There are 24 articles included in this review from studies published from 2005 to 2014.
Results
Findings in literature varies substantially. Generally, contact screening is better intensified with clear operational guidelines, adequate training, include close contact outside household as appropriate and follow up at least for 1 year. Prioritizing high risk close contacts is helpful in resource limited setting. Tuberculin skin test is still of value as screening tool and intensified case finding must be accompanied with effective management protocol. Prophylaxis treatment is recommended especially for children especially less than 5 years old, unvaccinated, malnourished, living with person having HIV and close contact with MDR-TB.
Conclusions
Policy recommendations in improving TB management must incorporate complementary strategies to enhance case finding, effective management protocol for follow up or prophylaxis treatment, training for public health capacity and concerted dedication from various stakeholders
Faktor-Faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi ibu terhadap kanak-kanak dengan kecacatan klef
Introduction
A study was conducted to determine the level of mothers' perception on children with cleft deformity and its associated factors
Methods
This was a cross sectional study involving 110 mothers with children attending the Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery Clinic. Data was gathered from a face to face interview based on a questionnaire that assesses the level of perception and its associated factors. The level of perception was evaluated from a scoring method and divided into four domains namely psychosocial, care management, treatment and education.
Results
The level of perception was high in all four domains ranged from 62% for treatment and 80% for education. Factors that were significantly associated with the level of perception were ethnicity, religion, type of cleft deformity and level of information.
Conclusions
Information regarding cleft deformity must be tailored toward mothers’ personal characteristics and type of cleft deformity to improve mothers' perception on this problem
Tuberculosis Contact Tracing in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health challenge especially in low- and middle-income countries reflects improper, delayed or missed diagnosis. Contact screening should be utilized both as an efficient and effective targeted approach to intensify TB case finding. Methods Through a comprehensive systematic literature review of online database, this paper aims at providing an insight into the current practice of TB contact screening and to provide evidence based practice for formulation of appropriate policies in low- and middle-income countries. There are 24 articles included in this review from studies published from 2005 to 2014. Results Findings in literature varies substantially. Generally, contact screening is better intensified with clear operational guidelines, adequate training, include close contact outside household as appropriate and follow up at least for 1 year. Prioritizing high risk close contacts is helpful in resource limited setting. Tuberculin skin test is still of value as screening tool and intensified case finding must be accompanied with effective management protocol. Prophylaxis treatment is recommended especially for children especially less than 5 years old, unvaccinated, malnourished, living with person having HIV and close contact with MDR-TB. Conclusions Policy recommendations in improving TB management must incorporate complementary strategies to enhance case finding, effective management protocol for follow up or prophylaxis treatment, training for public health capacity and concerted dedication from various stakeholders