Estimation of Insulin and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies In Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background:Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease began when there is essential insufficiency of insulin that produces by the pancreas, sometimes by the incompetence of that insulin. Such as insufficiency lead to elevate blood glucose  concentrations, that in sequence impairment many human body. There are two main types of this disease, our study will be on type 1diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes  which called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in this type the  pancreas be unsuccessful to produce the insulin. Type1diabetes milltus progress commonly in children and young people, type 1 diabetes is described by presence of mixing autoantibodies against variation of insulin antigens, such as Insulin autoantibodies,Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase  Autoantibodies.       Objective:To estimate the most autoantibodies and assessment of  HbA1c in type 1 DM. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at in AL-kindy Teaching Hospital-Center of Endocrine glands and  diabetes Mellitus For the period 1/7/2016  until 1/2/2017, The study included (75) individual divided into (50) diabetic patients( 25 female and 25 male) their ages ranging between 10-45 years and(25).Healthy persons (11 female and 14 male) and there was questions for each patient about( Age, Family history, Onset of disease\years).Quantative ELISA test for detection of circulating autoantibodies against Glutamic Acid DecarboxylaseزIndirect immunofluorescence test to detected  insulin auto antibodies in human serum, and measurements level of  HbA1c for each subjects. Results: The results of this study indicate importance of autoantibodies to identify a group of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.This results showed significant difference in the prevalence of  autoantibodies in diabetes mellitus type 1 patients (P0.05). Conclusion:There are many cases of  Diabetes Mellitus identified by laboratory investigation only ; whom are asymptomatic, screening tests had supportive for quick detection and treatment

Physical Properties of Cu Doped ZnO Nanocrystiline Thin Films

 تم تصنيع اغشية أكسيد الزنك البلورية النانوية المطعمة بالنحاس  (ZnO: Cu)بتراكيز مختلفة .. تم ترسيب (0 ، 6 ، 9 ، 12 ، 18) ٪ من النحاس على ركيزة زجاجية باستخدام تقنية ترسب الليزر النبضي (PLD) وبتراكيز مختلفة. وقد تم توصيف بلورات ZnO: Cu   النانوية بواسطة أطياف UV-VIS ، حيود الأشعة السينية (XRD) ومجهر القوة الذرية (AFM). تم استخدام التحليل الطيفي للأشعة المرئية وفوق البنفسجية لتحديد نوع وقيمة فجوة الطاقة الضوئية ، بينما تم استخدام حيود الأشعة السينية لفحص الهيكل وتحديد حجم البلورات. تم استخدام مجاهر القوة الذرية لدراسة تكوين سطح المواد المترسبة. تم استخدام التحليل الطيفي للأشعة المرئية وفوق البنفسجية لتحديد نوع وقيمة فجوة الطاقة الضوئية. Thin films of ZnO nano crystalline doped with different concentrations (0, 6, 9, 12, and 18 )wt. % of copper were deposited on a glass substrate via pulsed laser deposition method (PLD). The properties of ZnO: Cu thin-nanofilms have been studied by absorbing UV-VIS, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopes (AFM). UV-VIS spectroscopy was used to determine the type and value of the optical energy gap, while X-ray diffraction was used to examine the structure and determine the size of the crystals.  Atomic force microscopes were used to study the surface formation of precipitated materials. The UV-VIS spectroscopy was used to determine the type and value of the optical energy gap

Small bubbles formation and contribution to the overall gas holdup in large diameter columns of very high viscosity oil

A limited number of studies are available in literature on the small bubbles which create from gas-very high viscosity oils interaction and its contribution to the gas holdup in the system. The rate of small bubble formation has an important impact on heat and mass transfer in many chemical and industrial processes. The work presented in the current paper provides unique information on the formation of bubbles of millimetre diameter in high viscosity oil. A column of 290 mm diameter and Silicon oil of 330 Pa.s viscosity, were employed besides Electrical Capacitance Tomography and a high-resolution camera to investigate the characteristics of the small bubbles. Mechanism of bubble generation, effect of gas injection time and flowrate were studied. The average void fraction, total gas-liquid height, overall Probability Density Function (PDF) profile, small bubbles volume fractions and diameter were measured. Small bubbles generate from the eruption of large bubbles, at gas injection nozzles, coalescence of large bubbles, and at liquid bridges at transition to churn flow regime. Properties and concentration of the small bubbles are controlled by the location of the bubble generation, gas flowrate, and gas injection time. Small bubbles contribute by 6.6- 30% to the total gas holdup. Bubble diameter increased from 0.68 mm to 0.75 mm and decreased from 1.1 mm to 0.75 mm at the top and the bottom sections of the column respectively after 60 minof gas injection

On Using Magnetic and optical methods to determine the size and characteristics of nanoparticles embedded in oxide semiconductors

Films of oxides doped with transition metals are frequently believed to have magnetic inclusions. Magnetic methods to determine the amount of nanophases and their magnetic characteristics are described. The amount of the sample that is paramagnetic may also be measured. Optical methods are described and shown to be very powerful to determine which defects are also magnetic.Comment: Manuscript of poster to be presented at MMM-Intermag 2010. Accepted for publication in Magnetic Trans of IEE

Simulation of Behavior of Plate on Elastic Foundation under Impact Load by the Finite Element Method

Transient response and vibrations of an elastic plate resting on sandy soil are presented. Plates are commonly used structural elements and are subjected to wide variety of static and dynamic loads. Such studies are of particular interest in analytical investigations related to structural foundation on soil media. The influence of impact induced high strain-rates within the structure, which causes property changes in all used materials, has to be regarded according to experimental results.The main objective of the present paper, using the finite element approach through ANSYS program is the simulation of the dynamic response of the foundation under impact load. As a case study, previous experimental work included application of a dynamic load generated by dropping a steel ball (38.1 mm in diameter, 2.22 N in weight) from a height of 609.6 mm onto an aluminum target plate (203.2 mm in diameter, 12.7 mm thick) placed on top of a sand medium. The impact load is defined as a product of the loading magnitude and a time varying function which is assumed to be a Hanning's function for a monopeak, smooth-shaped curve. The problem is discretised by using four types of elements; Solid 45 to model the soil, Shell 63 to model the aluminum plate and Target 170 and Contact 174 are used to model the contact between the plate and soil. Shell 63 (elastic shell) has both bending and membrane capabilities.It is noticed that the finite element analysis agrees well with the experimental results throughout the entire range of behavior, and the difference in the ultimate displacement is about 6.2%. It can be concluded that ANSYS program is well suited for impact analyses of soil and structural dynamics problems in the non-linear range

Assessment of obesity and central obesity among patients with knee osteoarthritis in Al-Sadder Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq

Background: Obese individuals are at increased risk for many chronic and life-threating conditions. The most significant burden on the musculoskeletal system resulted from osteoarthritis, mainly knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and central obesity among a group of patients with knee osteoarthritis, analyze the effect of demographic variables, and examine the relationship between these two types of obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Sadder hospital in Baghdad from June through September 2017. A convenience sample of 200 patients with knee osteoarthritis was collected. Those with body mass index (BMI) equal to or more than (30 kg/m2) considered obese. The cutoff point for central obesity was the waist-hip ratio (WHR) above (0.9) for men and above (0.85) for women. The risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) calculated to determine the strength of the relationship. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Results: The number of obese patients, according to BMI, was 163 (81.5%). For central obesity, the men and women with unhealthy WHR were 53 (96.4%) and 131 (10.3%), respectively. No significant difference in the rate of obesity among age groups (p= 0.986). Central obesity is significantly lower in those less than 45 years (p=0.023). In men, the risk of obese to have central obesity is (1.06) with no significant association (95% CI = 0.89 - 1.27, P = 0.481). In women, risk ratio = 1.56 and association is significant (95% CI = 1.03 - 1.36, P = 0.037). Conclusion: The increasing age was associated with a rise in the rate of central obesity, but not with obesity. The overlap between the two types of obesity was evident and significant only in women

Erythropoietin and Anaemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Hyporegenerative anaemia is common complication of chronic renal failure CRF and responsible for fatigue and reduced general  health condition among uremic patient. The main causes of anemia among patients with chronic renal failure are deficient production of erythropoietin (EPO), iron deficiency, and chronic disease with endogenous EPO resistance. This study confirmed on patients with chronic renal failure in Merjan Teaching Hospital and highlighted on the relationship between anaemia and erythropoiten level. The estimation of hemoglobin among patients with CRF revealed that 55% of patients suffered from severe anaemia and 45%suffered from moderate anaemia      Erythropoiten level estimated by ELISA technique and mean and standard deviation of erythropoietin level among patients and control groups were12.2 uU/ml ± 2.6, 7.3uU/ml± 1.8 respectively and comparism mean of erythropoietin between patients and control group   was indicated that there is significant difference between two groups at p value< 0.05 By study the correlation between hemoglobin and erythropoietin revealed that there is inverses relation ship between hemoglobin and erythropoietin , we concluded from this study although the level of erythropoietin increase in patients with CRF but the level of erythropoietin are not enough foe correction of anaemia and patient may required for exogenous source for erythropoietin with iron supplement in management of anaemia Keywords: erythropoiten Hyporegenerative anaemi

Dynamics of flow transitions from bubbly to churn flow in high viscosity oils and large diameter columns

The dynamic behaviour of the gas-liquid two phase flows and in particular the flow pattern stability and transition between the flow regimes are influenced significantly by both the properties of the liquid and gas as well as the pipe diameter. The majority of the studies reported in the literature on the dynamics of gas-liquid flow transitions focus only on low viscosity liquids (e.g. water) and small diameter pipes. In the present work a series of experiments were carried out to study the dynamics of flow transitions (bubbly to slug and slug to churn) of gas rising through very viscous oils (330 Pa s and 360 Pa s) in two large diameter columns (290 and 240 mm, respectively), using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) and pressure sensors. The experiments aimed to imitate a number of realistic flow conditions that might be encountered, for examples, in; bitumen, crude oil, viscous liquids in food processing and volcanic magmatic flows. Observation and quantification of bubbly to slug and slug to churn flow transitions for gas-high viscous liquids in large pipe diameters are presented for the first time. Flow parameters and characteristics including; void fraction, pressure gradient, Probability Density Function, structure velocity, lengths of large/Taylor bubbles and liquid slugs and the effect of liquid temperature on the void fraction and Taylor bubble lengths, were measured and analysed. It was found that transition to slug and churn flow occurs gradually. Transition to slug flow occurs at a gas superficial velocity of 0.011 m/s–0.016 m/s, while transition to churn appears in the range of 0.127–0.243 m/s in both columns

Study of chemical and physical parameters affected on purification of water from inorganic contaminants

The ability to remove perchlorate anions was investigated by the adsorption technique in a laboratory scale and by a batch type unit from contaminated aqueous solutions prepared at specific concentrations. The adsorption process was carried out using banana peels, which were chosen as an available, cheap, and low-cost adsorption media. The studied operating conditions in the treatment process were the acidic function, shaking speed, contact time, temperature, in addition to the initial concentration of perchlorate, which ranging from 1-10, 100-400 rpm, 10-180 min, 20-50 ºC, 50-1000 ppb respectively, while the dose of adsorbent media ranged between 0.5-6 g and the particle size ranged from 0-Pan. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of perchlorate changes directly with the shaking speed, contact time, particle size and the dose of adsorbent, while it was inversely with the remaining variables for certain levels. Thus, two types of contaminants were disposed of simultaneously in a beneficial, and eco- friendly manner, reaching to Zero Residue Level (ZRL)

Gas rising through a large diameter column of very viscous liquid: Flow patterns and their dynamic characteristics

Gas-liquid flows are affected strongly by both the liquid and gas properties and the pipe diameter, which control features and the stability of flow patterns and their transitions. For this reason, empirical models describing the flow dynamics can be applied only to limited range of conditions. Experiments were carried out to study the behaviour of air passing through silicone oil (360 Pa.s) in 240 mm diameter bubble column using Electrical Capacitance Tomography and pressure transducers mounted on the wall. These experiments are aimed at reproducing expected conditions for flows including (but not limited to) crude oils, bitumen, and magmatic flows in volcanic conduits. The paper presents observation and quantification of the flow patterns present. It particularly provides the characteristics of gas-liquid slug flows such as: void fraction; Taylor bubble velocity; frequency of periodic structures; lengths of liquid slugs and Taylor bubbles. An additional flow pattern, churn flow, has been identified. The transition between slug and churn has been quantified and the mechanism causing it are elucidated with the assistance of a model for the draining of the liquid film surrounding the Taylor bubble once this has burst through the top surface of the aerated column of gas-liquid mixture. It is noted that the transition from slug to churn is gradual